Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎回到英格威英语学习网，我是亚当。
In today's lesson we're going to look at phrasal verbs using the verb "step".
今天我们来学习一些关于“step”的动词短语。
Now, first of all, what you need to understand, again, phrasal verbs are verbs plus prepositions that have different meanings.
首先我们要知道，动词短语是由动词和介词组成的有不同意思的短语。
And the verb "step" is a bit tricky because we use "step" as a noun as well, and we often combine it with prepositions,
step这个动词有点复杂，因为它也有名词的用法，我们经常把它和介词放在一块使用。
and the preposition and noun combination can be completely different from the verb and preposition combination.
介词和名词的组合可能和动词和介词的组合完全不同。
So we're going to look... Have to look at both of these when we look at these combinations with prepositions.
我们来学习...当我们讲这些和介词搭配的组合时，这两种短语我们都会说一下。
So we're going to look at: "step down", "step up", "step in", "step inside", "step around", "step out", "step on", "step back", "step aside", "step forward".
我们要学习："step down"，"step up"，"step in"，"step inside"，"step around"， "step out"， "step on"， "step back"， "step aside"， "step forward"这些短语。
Let's start with "down". So, "step down". So, before I start with any of them, what is "step"?
我们就从“step down”开始吧。在开始讲之前，“step”是什么意思？
So a step is when you take your one foot forward. Right? You're taking one step.
一步就是用脚向前走一步。你走了一步。
Or if you're climbing the stairs, you take one, two, three steps, four steps, five steps.
或者如果你在爬楼梯，你走了一，二，三步，四步，五步。
It's one foot in front of the other. That's the basic meaning of "step".
一只脚在另一只脚前面。这就是“step”的基本含义。
"Step down". So, of course, I can step down off the table if I'm standing on a table or whatever.
“step down”。当然，如果我站在一个桌子上，我可以从上面走下来。
There's always the literal meaning, but "step down" can also mean resign. Okay? Resign means quit.
这就是其字面意思。但是“step down”也指辞职。辞职意思是退出。
So, for example, if I'm the president of the company and I think that the company is not doing very well
例如，如果我是公司的总裁，我认为公司运行地不是很好，
and everybody's very angry because the company's not doing well, they want to get somebody new as the president in my position.
每个人都很生气，因为公司运行不好，他们想找个人来接替我的工作。
Finally I say: "Okay, you know what? I will step down and let the new guy come in."
最后我说：“好吧，跟你们说吧，我会下台，让别人接任。”
Now, we're going to see that again in "step aside", but "step down" basically means resign, give up the position.
在讲“step aside”的时候我们会在说一次，但是“step down”基本上意思就是辞职，放弃某个职位。
Now, if we're looking at the verb: "a step down". If we're looking at this as a... Sorry.
我们来看看这个：“a step down”。如果我们把这个看作...
As a noun, not a verb, "a step down" means a lower position, or a lower value, or a lower rank.
作为一个名词，不是动词。“a step down”意思是一个更低的位置，或更低的价值，更低的排名。
Okay? So right now I live in a five-bedroom house, it's a very big house, very, very expensive,
现在我住在一个有5间卧室的房子，这是一个很大的房子，非常的贵。
but my financial situation is not so good, so I had to sell that house and buy a two-bedroom condominium.
但是我的经济状况不是很好，所以我得把那个房子卖掉，买一套两居室的公寓。
Now, for many people a two-bedroom condominium is very nice, but for somebody who has had a five-bedroom house, a condominium is a step down in position, in stature, etc.
对很多人来说，一套两居室的房子很棒，但是对一个曾经拥有5间卧室的人来说，两居室公寓在地位上是一个下降。
Right? So a step down means a lower level or a lower rank. "To step down", "to resign", okay. Now, "step up" same idea.
“a step down”指的是更低的水平或者排名。“To step down”，“to resign”。“step up”也是同样的道理。
If we're looking at the noun, "a step up" is the opposite, it's an increase in position.
如果我们看名词的话，“a step up”是相反的意思，它指的是职位的上升。
So I went from my two-bedroom condominium to a three-bedroom house.
我从两居室的公寓搬到了三居室的房子。
That's a big step up in terms of social situations, social rank, depending on who you ask of course.
在社会环境，社会等级方面，这是一个大的提升，当然，这取决于你问的是谁。

But "to step up", okay? As a verb. "To step up" means to face the challenge. Of course, it literal means to step up.
但是在“to step up”中，它是动词。“To step up”的意思是面对挑战。当然，它的字面意思是上升。
Okay? But to step up to the challenge means somebody has to come forward, show the courage, and do what is needed to overcome an obstacle or to overcome a challenge.
但是，“to step up to the challenge”的意思是，某人必须挺身而出，展示勇气，做必要的事情来克服障碍或克服挑战。
So think about sports. Okay? You have your favourite team and they're in the playoffs and they're losing, so you...
想一下体育。你有最喜欢的球队，他们在打季后赛，比赛要输了，所以你...
All the people say: "Well, the star players, the best players need to step up." They need to, like, show up, be courageous, face the challenge and do what is necessary to win.
所有人都说：“先发球员，最好的球员需要挺身而出。”他们需要，登场，勇敢面对挑战，做必要的事情来获取胜利。
Okay? So, "to step up". Now, another expression we have... This is a very common expression: "Step up to the plate". Now, "the plate" comes from baseball. Okay? You...
“to step up”。另外一个表达...这是一个非常常见的表达：“开始行动”。“the plate”来自棒球。
The batter comes in, there's the home plate and there's the pitcher, you step up to the plate and you're ready to hit the ball.
击球手进来了，这是本垒，这是投手，你走向本垒，准备击球。
Right? So if we say somebody needs to step up to the plate that means somebody needs to face the challenge, face the difficult situation and take care of it basically.
如果我们说某人需要“step up to the plate”，意思是某人需要面对挑战，面对困难的情况并解决它。
Okay, "step up". Okay. "Step in", now, again, I can step in a room. Just one step.
这就是“step up”。来看“step in”。我可以走进一个房间。一步。
I'm not moving all the way in. I'm just taking one step, that's the literal meaning. To... The other meaning is to get involved.
我不是一步一步走进来的。我就走了一步，这就是字面的意思。另外的意思是参与其中。
Okay? So I see my brother and sister, they're both fighting and they're not stopping,
我看到我的弟弟和妹妹，他们在打架，停不下来。
and I say: "Stop, stop", and nobody's stopping so finally I have to step in, I have to get involved, I have to separate them.
我就说：“不要打了”，他们还是继续打，所以我要介入了，我要参与其中，分开他们。
So, if somebody needs to step in they need to get involved, or they need to interfere, or they need to stop something from happening.
如果某人需要介入，他们需要参与，或者他们需要干涉，或者他们需要阻止某事的发生。
They need to be part of the situation.
他们要介入这个状况。
Now, "step inside" also means step inside, but why wouldn't somebody say: "Go inside" or "Come inside"?
“step inside”也指走进去，但是为什么没人说：“Go inside”或者“come inside”？
When we say "step inside" all we want to do is emphasize that movement indoor, into someplace.
当我们说“step inside”，我们想强调的是进到某个地方里的那一刻。
Okay? So I'm a very big boss and I say... And you want to do business with me, and I said: "Step inside my office."
比如我是大老板，我说...你想和我做生意的话，请来我的办公室。
It basically means come in, but it's more emphasis. I want to show you how big I am, how powerful I am.
它的基本意思就是进来，但是更有强调的意思。我想让你知道我有多大腕，有多大权利。
"Step inside my office. Let's talk." Right? It's a bit more emphasis, that's all it is. Okay.
“来我的办公室。我们聊聊。”它更具强调性，就是这个意思。
"Step around", now, let's say I'm a reporter and you're a politician, and I ask you a very difficult question and you don't really want to answer it...
“step around”，比如说我是一个记者，你是一个政治家，我问你一个非常困难的问题，你不想回答它...
Answer it, so you step around the question. You step around the issue, means you avoid answering it directly.
所以你绕着这个问题说。你避开这个问题说，说明你避免直接回答它。
Another way we... We sometimes hear it is "dance around". Or you'll hear "step around" or "dance around the issue".
另外一个方式...有时候我们听到的是“dance around”。或者你听到“step around”，或者“dance around the issue”。
This is very common with politicians who don't like to answer questions directly.
这对于不喜欢直接回答问题的政治家来说，非常常见。
In fact, they don't like direct answer... Questions, so they just step around the question and talk about something completely different.
实际上，他们不喜欢直接回答...问题，所以他们就避开问题说，谈论一些完全不相干的内容。
"Step out", that basically means go out. Okay? So I'm at the office and I say to my co-worker: "I'm just going to step out for a minute."
“step out”，基本意思就是出去。所以我在办公室里对我的同事说：“我要出去一会儿。
Basically just go out for a short time and then I'm coming back.
基本上就是出去一小会儿，然后我就回来。