Hi. Welcome to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎来到英格威学习网。我是亚当。
In today's video we're going to look at another set of phrasal verbs.
今天视频中我们将学习另外一组动词短语。
Now, just as a reminder: What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and a preposition: "in", "on", "at", "off", etc.
简单提示一下：什么是动词短语？短语动词是动词和介词的组合：比如"in", "on", "at", "off"等介词。
and the combination usually makes other meanings than the two words themselves.
这种组合通常会产生比这两个词本身更多的意义。
Now, some phrasal verbs obviously have more than one meaning, so we're going to look at the different meanings with the verb "kick".
一些动词短语显然不只有一个意思，所以我们来看一下动词"kick"组成的动词短语的不同意思。
For example: "kick in", "kick back", "kick out", "kick off", "kick about" or "kick around", "kick up", and "kick over".
比如："kick in", "kick back", "kick out", "kick off", "kick about" 或者 "kick around", "kick up", 还有 "kick over".
Now, some of these will have more than one meaning, some will just have the one meaning.
有些短语意思不止一个，有些意思只有一个。
Some of these can also be joined to make a noun, and we're going to look at that as well.
有些短语也可组成一个名词，我们也将学习这一方面。
So we're going to start with "kick in". A few meanings to "kick in".
我们将以"kick in"开始。"kick in"有几个不同的意思。
The more literal one, like takes the verb "kick" means to kick with your leg, so iaf you kick something in, you're breaking it with your feet.
更字面的意思是，动词"kick"的意思是用你的腿踢，所以当你踢东西的时候，你是在用你的脚踢开它。
So the most common example is, like, police, they go into...
最常见的例子是，比如警察，他们进入...
They want to go into an apartment or a house and arrest somebody, so they kick in the door. They just break the door and they go in.
他们想要进入公寓或房子并逮捕某人，所以他们踢开了门。他们破门而入。
We can also say: "kick down" for the same meaning. They kick down the door or they kick in the door, so physically break with your feet.
我们也可以说："kick down"。他们踢开了门，或者踢进了门，所以要用脚破门。
Another meaning of "kick" is basically take effect. This is especially used when we're talking about drugs, when we're taking a pill.
“kick”的另一个意思基本上是生效。尤其是当我们谈论药物时，当我们吃药时。
So the doctor gave you a pill, maybe you have a really bad headache
医生给了你一片药，也许你的头痛得很厉害
and you take a Tylenol or an Advil, or Aspirin or whatever, and it doesn't work right away.
你服用泰诺，艾德维尔，阿斯匹林或其他药物，它不会马上起作用。
It takes a little time for the pill to kick in. So basically to take effect, to start working. So another meaning is start...
药丸生效需要一点时间。所以基本上是生效，开始工作。另一个意思是开始。
But usually a process. Start a process. So, now, we can also use this in other situations.
但通常是一个过程。开始一个过程。现在，我们也可以在其他情况下使用它。
For example, a policy. So the government decided to increase taxes, but they don't do it suddenly. Okay?
比如说，一项政策。政府决定增加税收，但是他们不会突然这样做的。
Because a lot of people will not be ready for it, it will cause a lot of problems.
因为很多人不会为此做好准备，它会带来很多问题。
So they say: "Okay, starting in six months, we have a new policy where the tax will go up by 1%."
所以他们说，“六个月后开始实施，我们有一项税收上涨1%的新政策。
So this policy will kick in on September 1st, for example, whenever that six months down the road is.
所以这项政策将在9月1日实施，举个例子，就是六个月后的时间。
So, "kick in" start or go into effect. Okay? Now, we can also use "kick in" to contribute.
所以的意思是开始或生效。我们也可以使用来表示贡献。
So, we're going to have an office party. Janice, the accountant, has a birthday and everybody wants to, you know, show her...
所以，我们要办一个办公室聚会。珍妮丝是会计，她要过生日了，大家都想表示一下...
Show their appreciation for her hard work, so everybody's going to kick in five bucks,
对她的辛勤工作表示感谢，这样每个人都要拿出5美元，
and we collect all this money and we create a party for Janice.
然后把这些钱收集起来，为珍妮丝办一个聚会。
Okay? So, "kick in" basically means give, contribute to a pool. So those are all the "kick ins".
所以"kick in" 基本上意思就是给予，筹集共同资金。这些资金就是所有的“贡献资金”。
Now, "kick back". First of all, there's the literal one where you kick back. Right?
现在说说 "kick back"。首先，它有一个字面意思。
So, to relax. -"So what are you doing this weekend?" -"Oh, nothing, just kicking back."
放松。“你这周末要做什么？”“没事，就是放松放松。”
It means I'm sitting at home with my feet up on a table, and I'm just relaxing, doing nothing.
意思是我坐在家里，把脚放在桌子上，我只是放松，什么都不做。
Another meaning of "kick back" is payment, is a type of payment, but usually it means a bribe. Okay?
"kick back"的另一个意思是付款，是一种付款方式，但通常表示贿赂。
A bribe means you're paying somebody to do something for you.
贿赂意味着你付钱给某人为你做某事。
The most common example that I can think of is doctors and pharmaceutical companies, the companies that make the drugs.
我能想到的最常见的例子是医生和制药公司，也就是制造药品的公司。
So the doctor, all his patients come in and he says: "Oh, you need this prescription. Here you go, go buy the pills.
所以医生，他所有的病人进来，他说：“哦，你需要这个处方。给你，去买药。
Here, you need this prescription." They don't need it.
你需要这个处方。”他们不需要。
Sometimes they do, sometimes they don't, but some doctors just prescribe medicine for everybody for everything.
有时会，有时不会，但有些医生会给每个人开各种各样的药。
Why? Because the pharmacy, the pharmaceutical company gives the doctor a "kickback".
为什么？因为药房，制药公司给医生“回扣”。
So this can be a noun as well. A "kickback" or "kickbacks". Okay? It's a noun, it basically means a bribe, a payment for doing them a favour. Okay?
所以这个也可以是名词。“回扣”或“回扣”。好吧？它是一个名词，基本意思是贿赂，为帮他们一个忙而支付的钱。好吧？
So, to relax or to pay sort of underneath as a gift, as a bribe.
所以它的意思是放松或在暗地里付钱作为礼物，作为贿赂。
"To kick out", okay? "To kick out" could be physical, means you take somebody and you kick them out the door.
现在说"To kick out"好吧？"To kick out" 可指身体动作，意思是你把某人赶出去。
So if you go to a club and you're not behaving very nicely, the bouncer,
如果你去一家俱乐部，行为不端的话，保镖，
the big guys standing at the door, they will take you and they will kick you out.
站在门口的大块头，他们会把你带走，然后把你踢出去。
They will throw you out of the club. But it doesn't have to be physical.
他们会把你扔出俱乐部。但是它并不一定指的是身体动作。

You could be in a band or in a team, or whatever,
你可能在一个乐队或团队里，诸如此类
and your teammates or your bandmates have a bit of a problem with you, it means they kick you out.
你的队友或团队成员和你有冲突，这就意味着他们把你踢出去。
They expel you. "Expel", usually use this word at school, if you do something bad at school, the school will expel you, they will remove you.
他们开除了你。"Expel"这个词经常在学校使用，如果你在学校做了什么坏事，学校就会开除你。
So they will kick you out, it's a more slang approach to it.
所以他们把你开除了，这是个更俚语化的说法。
And that's it, so basically a kick out physically or kick out, remove somebody, force them to leave.
就是这样，所以"kick out"基本上意思是用身体把你踢出去或者迫使你离开。
Now, before I get into "kick off", "kick out" and "kick off" can also mean the same thing, means to remove.
在我讲"kick off"之前，"kick off"和"kick out"都有同一个意思，就是去除。
But "kick off", you would kick somebody off a bus, or a plane, or a train.
但是就"kick off"来说，你可以把某人从公车或飞机、火车上赶走。
So anything that you... Basically, you get on the bus, you get into a car. Right?
所以任何东西...基本上，你是登上公交车，进入小汽车。
So anything that is "on", you can get kicked off of or kicked out of. So, kicked off a bus, kicked out of the car, so remove.
所以任何用"on"的东西，你都可以被赶下来。被赶下公车或汽车。
So, again, so "kick off", basically remove from a bus, a train, whatever.
所以"kick off"基本上就是从汽车或火车上赶下来。
That's one meaning, that's the physical meaning. Then there's also start.
这是一个意思，这是和身体有关的意思。然后还有开始的意思。
"To kick something off" or to "kick things off" means to start something.
"To kick something off"或"kick things off"意思是开始某件事情。
So, we're going to kick off this meeting with a little speech by Mr. Smith who wants to let us know about something, an announcement.
因此，我们将以史密斯先生的简短讲话来开始会议，他想让我们知道一件事，一个通知。
So to... We're going to kick it off, start. In football, the game of American football, the game begins with a kickoff. Okay?
我们要开始了。在美式足球中，比赛以开球开始。
So here, again, we use it as a noun. "A kickoff" means they... Somebody kicks the ball, it goes flying, the other guy catches it, and the game starts.
所以在这里，它作为名词使用。“开球”意思是他们...有人击球，球会飞起来，另外一个人拿到它，比赛就开始了。
So, but it basically means start. Okay. "Kick about", "kick around",
它基本上意味着开始。"Kick about"和"kick around"
basically these two mean the same thing and are used mostly in the same way, which is why I put them together.
这两个短语多数时候使用的方式一样，因此我把它们放在一起说。
In a very informal situation, this could mean discuss.
在非正式的情况下，意思可表示讨论。
So, somebody... Everybody will bring some ideas to the meeting and we're just going to kick them around,
所以每个人都为会议带来一些观点，我们来讨论它们
kick them about, make sure everybody has their say, think about it, if it's good, if it's bad, etc.
确保每个人都发表了意见，思考观点的好与不好。等等。
So, "kick around", it's informal discussion of something, of ideas usually.
所以"kick around"指的是非正式地谈论什么事情，通常是观点。
We can also use it to talk about just spending time a little bit aimlessly, not having any plans.
我们也可以用它来消磨时间谈论，漫无目的，没有任何计划。
So, again: -"What are you doing this weekend?" -"Oh, I'm just going to kick around with some friends.
所以，“你这周末有什么计划呢？”“我就是和朋友们随便逛逛。
I'm just going to kick about with some friends." Well, we're going to go to a few clubs, a few bars, just look around, see what happens.
我就是和朋友们随便逛逛。”我们就是去一些俱乐部和酒吧逛逛，玩玩。
No real plans for this. Now, "kick around" we can sometimes also use when we talk about, like, for example, bullying somebody, to bully.
没有什么实际的计划。有时当我们谈论欺凌某人等事情时也会用到"kick around"。
Like, it literally means to kick somebody, so to be a little bit physically aggressive towards somebody.
它的字面意思是踢某人，对某人有一点身体上的侵犯。
So if you're kicking somebody around, you're treating them badly.
所以如果你把某人踢来踢去，你就是对他们不好。
You could be physically treating them badly, it could also be verbally, or mentally, emotionally, etc.
你可以在身体上对他们不好，也可以在言语上、精神上、情感上等等。
More with "around", less with "about", but more or less the same idea.
更多的是"around"，更少是"about"，但是差不多就是这个意思。
"Kick up", so usually we kick up a fuss, kick up a fuss or kick up a storm, or kick up a stink.
"Kick up"，所以通常我们会小题大做，小题大做，或者大闹一场，或者大闹一场。
Phew, right? That's a stink. So, "kick up a stink", basically cause trouble.
这是大吵大闹。所以“大闹一场”，基本上就是制造麻烦。
It could also mean to cause pain. So, some people they have children who do not take the word "No" very well, so the child says: -"Oh, I want ice cream."
它也表示导致疼痛。所以，有些人的孩子不能很好地接受“不”这个词，所以孩子会说：“奥，我想吃冰淇淋。”
"No. You can't have ice cream until you have dinner", and this kid starts, you know, ranting and raving, and screaming, and kicking the ground.
“不，晚餐前你不能吃冰淇淋”，这孩子就开始，你知道，咆哮，咆哮，尖叫，踢着地面。
And basically if you think if there's a ground, and the kid starts kicking and screaming, all the dust comes up. Right?
基本上，如果你认为如果有一个地面，孩子开始踢打和尖叫，所有的灰尘就会飘上来。对吧?
So, "kick up a storm" basically means make trouble, cause trouble.
所以，"kick up a storm"基本上意思就是制造麻烦，导致麻烦。
You can also "kick up" in terms of pain, so if I lift something heavy my back might kick up, it means it might start hurting.
你也可以使用"kick up"表示疼痛，所以如果我举起某件沉重的东西，我的背就可能疼痛，这意味着背开始疼痛。
We also use the phrasal verb "act up". "Act up" means give me trouble. "Kick up" means it will give me a bit of pain.
我们也用动词词组"act up"。"act up"意思是给我找麻烦。“Kick up”的意思是它会让我感到疼痛。
Okay/ Actually, I forgot one. Let me go back to "kick back". "Kick back" is the same idea.
我忘了一点。让我们回到"kick back"。"kick back"也是同一个意思。
"Kick back" can mean to resist. So, for example, if I own a factory and I tell all my employees that I'm going to have to cut their hours
"kick back"还有个意思是抵抗。所以，比如说，如果我有一家工厂，我告诉我所有的员工我将不得不减少他们的工作时间，
and there's no more overtime pay, so they kick back, they... Basically they resist this change or they revolt.
而且将不会有更多的加班费，所以他们就抵抗。他们基本上抗拒这种改变或者反抗。
They don't like it, so they're going to start pushing back against me, the owner of the thing.
他们不喜欢它，所以他们要开始反抗我，这就是老板面临的事情。
And in this case we can also use "kickback" in terms of the resistance. Right?
在这种情况下，我们也可以用"kickback"来表示阻力。
So, I made a new policy for the workers and there was a lot of kickback.
所以，我为工人们制定了一项新政策，结果有很多人反抗。
They revolted, a lot of them quit, some of them spoke about going on strike against my new changes.
他们反抗了，很多人辞职了，有些人说要举行罢工反对我的新变化。
Okay, so I forgot that one. And "kick over" is very simple. You kick something and it falls over, so basically topple.
我忘记了。"kick over" 很简单。你踢了什么东西，它就倒了，基本上就是倒下了。
So, only the one meaning, very literal, kick with your leg, make something fall over.
所以，只有一个意思，字面意思，用你的腿踢，让东西倒下来。
Okay, and that's basically it for "kick". I hope everybody has these clear.
好了，这就是"kick"的基本用法。希望大家都明白了。
If you have any questions about this... About these, please go to www.engvid.com, there's a forum you can ask all the questions you have.
如果你有任何问题，请访问www.engvid.com，那里有一个论坛，你可以问你所有的问题。
There's also a quiz where you can practice using these phrasal verbs. And that's it.
还有一个小测验，你可以练习使用这些动词短语。就是这样。
I hope you like this lesson, please give me a like on YouTube, subscribe to my channel, and I'll see you again very soon. Bye-bye.
我希望你喜欢这堂课，请在油管上给我点赞，订阅我的频道，我们很快就会再见。再见。