(单词翻译:单击)
Hey there! Welcome to life noggin! Believe it or not, you don't actually need your stomach.
大家好，欢迎来到大脑洞开的生命奇想！信不信由你，实际上你并不需要你的胃。
Though it does help during pizza bagel eating contests.
尽管胃在吃披萨百吉饼比赛时会有帮助。
Stomach removal is used to treat a variety of medical conditions, such as life-threatening obesity, stomach ulcers, and cancer.
胃移除被用来治疗各种疾病，比如威胁生命的肥胖，胃溃疡和癌症。
For these cases, either just a part of the stomach or - as in some stomach cancer cases -
在这些情况下，不管是一部分的胃被切除或者-在一些胃癌的情况下-
the whole stomach is removed and the patient goes on to lead a pretty normal life, aside from some obvious dietary restrictions.
整个胃都被切除，然后病人能继续过着正常的生活，除了会有一些明显的饮食限制。
While stomach, or gastric, cancer is is not very common in the United States, worldwide, it was the sixth most common cancer in 2018.
胃癌在美国并不是很常见，而在世界范围内，2018年它是第六常见的癌症。
Sadly, gastric cancer is also the third most common cause of death from cancer, with a survival rate at five years around only 30 percent.
不幸的是，胃癌也是第三大最常见的癌症致死原因，五年存活率只有约30%。
Once diagnosed, treatment options are similar to other types of cancer - chemotherapy, radiation, targeted and immunotherapies, and surgery.
一旦确诊，其治疗方案与其他类型的癌症类似——化疗、放疗、靶向和免疫疗法以及手术。
A complete stomach removal, called total gastrectomy, is often performed on patients with a tumor in the top two-thirds of the stomach or when tumors are located throughout the stomach.
全胃切除，通常是对胃上部三分之二的肿瘤或整个胃都有肿瘤的病人进行的。
The mechanics of the surgery are relatively simple: after the stomach and nearby lymph nodes are removed,
手术的原理相对简单：切除胃和附近的淋巴结后，
the esophagus is reconnected to the small intestines, allowing patients to eat, swallow and even digest their food.
将食道与小肠重新连接，使病人能够进食、吞咽甚至消化食物。
A study of 238 total gastrectomy patients at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City looked at patient outcome for 90 days after their surgery.
纽约市纪念斯隆凯特琳癌症中心对238名全胃切除患者进行了一项研究，观察患者手术后90天的预后。
They found that 3% of patients died within that time period, mostly due to sepsis after the procedure.
他们发现3%的患者在这段时间内死亡，主要是由于手术后的败血症。
But the majority of patients, 37%, didn't have a single adverse event.
但大多数患者，37%，没有一个单一的不良反应。
After the recovery period, the biggest change - besides having one less organ - is their diet.
恢复期之后，最大的变化-除了少一个器官-就是他们的饮食。
Without a stomach, which is where food is stored and gradually broken down,
没有了胃，这个储存食物、逐步消化食物的地方，
patients need to eat much smaller amounts of food several times a day to not overwhelm their intestines
患者需要吃更少量的食物，每天几次，以防止食物充满肠道，
and avoid a condition called dumping syndrome, which is common among these patients.
避免一种叫倾倒综合症的疾病，这种疾病在这些病人中很常见。
This condition is caused by rapid entry of food into the small intestines and can cause nausea, vomiting, pain, and diarrhea.
这种情况是由食物快速进入小肠引起的，可引起恶心、呕吐、疼痛和腹泻。
It can also result from a rapid rise and fall of blood sugar, leading to a fast heart rate, weakness, and confusion.
它也可由血糖的快速升降引起，导致心率加快，虚弱和意识模糊。
While chewing thoroughly, eating slowly, and drinking an hour before eating can all help with digestion
细嚼慢咽、缓慢进食、饭前一小时喝水都有助于消化，
and prevent these individuals from getting too full, there may be some types of foods -
阻止这些人吃的太饱，还有一些类型的食物-
like sweets, fats, and dairy products - that they won't be able to tolerate.
比如甜点，脂肪，和乳制品-这些食物他们不能耐受。
But it is really important that these patients keep eating or use high-calorie supplements in order to minimize rapid weight loss,
但重要的是，这些患者要坚持吃东西或使用高热量补充剂，以尽量减少体重快速下降，
which can lead to gallstones and osteoporosis.
这会导致胆结石和骨质疏松症。
And because the stomach also helps to absorb vitamins, some patients will need to rely on supplements to avoid vitamin deficiencies.
因为胃也帮助消化维他命，一些病人也需要服用补充品来避免维生素缺乏。
Due to the success rate and chance for living cancer free, some individuals who test positive for a genetic mutation related to a hereditary and aggressive gastric cancer
由于无癌生存的成功率和机会，一些检测出与遗传性和侵袭性胃癌相关的基因突变呈阳性的人
are choosing to have their stomach removed as a method of cancer prevention called prophylactic surgery.
选择切除胃作为预防癌症的一种方法，称为预防性手术。
In a small study of 20 patients with this gene mutation who chose to have the surgery, 45% said their quality of life was now better than they expected.
在一项对20名选择接受手术的患者进行的小规模研究中，45%的人说他们的生活质量现在比他们预期的要好。
These results may provide hope for others at risk of or with gastric cancer that life without a stomach is in fact possible.
这些结果可能为其他有胃癌风险或患有胃癌的人带来希望，即没有胃的生活实际上是可能的。
So are there any other medical conditions that you want me to talk about next? Let me know in the comment sections below.
所以有没有其他的医疗状况你想让我们讨论的呢？请在下方的评论区告诉我们。
I'm taking suggestions for future videos. Curious to know what would happen if you only drank milk? Check out this video!
我在为未来的节目采取建议。想知道如果你只喝牛奶的话会发生什么吗？看看这个视频吧！
Large amounts of calcium can cause numerous health issues.
大量的钙会导致众多的健康问题。
It can wreak havoc on your kidneys, resulting in kidney stones forming from calcium deposits or milk-alkali syndrome from an acid imbalance resulting in loss of kidney function.
它会对肾脏造成严重损害，导致钙沉积形成肾结石，或因酸失衡导致肾功能丧失而出现乳碱综合征。
As always my name is blocko, this has been life noggin, don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。足考不要停！思考不要停！
