In our culture we tend to see sex as something that's more important to men than it is to women.
在我们的文化中，我们倾向会认为性对于男人的重要性高于女人。
But that's not true. What is true is that women often feel more shame in talking about it.
但实情并非如此。实情是，女人对于谈论性议题比较会感到羞耻。
Over half of women quietly suffer from some kind of sexual dysfunction.
有超过一半的女人默默地承受着某种性功能障碍。
We've been hearing more about the orgasm gap.
我们听过很多关于性别高潮差异的事。
It's kind of like the wage gap but stickier ...
它就有点像是性别薪资差异，只是比较黏一点...
Straight women tend to reach climax less than 60 percent of the time they have sex.
异性恋女人在做爱的时候，会达到高潮的机率不到六成。
Men reach climax 90 percent of the time they have sex.
男人在做爱的时候有九成的可能会达到高潮。
To address these issues, women have been sold flawed medication, testosterone creams, even untested genital injections.
为了处理这类问题，女人会被推销瑕疵的药物、睾丸激素霜...甚至没受过测试的生殖器注射。
The thing is, female sexuality can't be fixed with a pill.
重点是，女性的性事不用能药物治疗。
That's because it's not broken: it's misunderstood.
因为它没有坏掉：它是被误解了。
Our culture has had a skewed and medically incorrect picture of female sexuality going back centuries.
我们的文化对于女性性事的印象很偏颇，且在医学上并不正确，可追溯到几世纪前。
If over half of women have some kind of sexual problem, maybe our idea of sexuality doesn't work for women.
如果超过一半的女人有某种性问题，也许我们对于性事的想法对女人是行不通的。
We need a clearer understanding of how women actually work.
我们需要更清楚了解女人是怎么运作的。
I'm a journalist, and I recently wrote a book about how our understanding of female sexuality is evolving.
我是记者，最近我写了一本书，内容是关于我们对于女性性事的了解如何演进。
So sexuality itself was defined back when men dominated science.
性事被定义的时期，是科学还是由男人主宰的时期。
Male scientists tended to see the female body through their own skewed lens.
男性科学家通常会用有偏见的滤镜来看女性的身体。
They could've just asked women about their experience.
他们大可直接向女人询问她们的感受。
Instead they probed the female body like it was a foreign landscape.
但他们却把女性身体当作陌生地景来探索。
Even today we debate the existence of female ejaculation and the G-spot like we're talking about aliens or UFOs.
即使是现今，我们在讨论女性潮吹和G点的存在时，也彷佛在讨论外星人或幽浮一样。
"Are they really out there?"
“它们真的存在吗？”
All this goes double for LGBTQI women's sexuality, which has been hated and erased in specific ways.
对于LGBTQI女人的性事，这状况更是加倍，她们的性事一直被痛恨，且用特定的方式抹煞。
Ignorance about the female body goes back centuries. It goes back to the beginning of modern medicine.
对于女性身体的无知可追溯到几世纪以前。要回到现代医学的开端。
Cast your mind back to the 16th century, a time of scientific revolution in Europe.
把你的大脑带回十六世纪，当时在欧洲正在发生科学革命。
Men of ideas were challenging old dogmas.
有想法的人在挑战老式的教条。
They were building telescopes to gaze up at the stars. We were making progress ... sometimes.
他们打造了望远镜来看星星。我们在进步...有时候。
You see, the fathers of anatomy -- and I say "fathers" because, let's face it, they were all dudes
解剖学之父--我说“之父”是因为，面对现实吧，他们都是男的，
were poking about between women's legs and trying to classify what they saw.
在戳弄女人的两腿之间，试图将他们的所见给归类。
They weren't quite sure what to do with the clitoris.
他们不太确定该拿阴蒂如何是好。
It didn't appear to have anything to do with making babies.
它显然和生孩子没关系。
The leading anatomist at the time declared that it was probably some kind of abnormal growth
当时带头的解剖学家宣称阴蒂可能是某种异常的生长，
and that any woman who had one was probably a hermaphrodite.
且有阴蒂的女人很可能是阴阳人。
It got so bad that parents would sometimes have their daughter's clitoris cut off if it was deemed too large.
状况糟到有些父母会把他们女儿过大的阴蒂切除。
That's right. Something we think of today as female genital mutilation was practiced in the West as late as the 20th century.
没错。现今我们称为是女性生殖器截除的行为，在西方，一直到二十世纪都还有人在实行。
You have to wonder: if they were that confused about women's bodies, why didn't they just ask women for a little help?
你不得不纳闷：如果他们对女人的身体感到如此困惑，他们为什么不向女人求助？
But you must be thinking, "All that was history. It's a different world now.
但你一定在想：“那都是过去事了。现在的世界不一样了。
Women have everything. They have the birth control pill, they have sexting and Tinder and vajazzling."
女人什么都有。她们有避孕药丸，她们会发送性爱信息、用约会软件、在私密处穿环。”
Things must be better now. But medical ignorance of the female body continues.
现在状况一定比较好了。但医学上对于女性身体的无知仍然持续存在。
How many of you recognize this? It's the full structure of the clitoris.
在座有谁知道这是什么？这是阴蒂的完整结构。
We think of the clitoris as this little pea-sized nub, but actually it extends deep into the body.
我们认为阴蒂是豌豆大小的突起物，但其实它向内延伸到身体内部。
Most of it lies under the skin. It contains almost as much erectile tissue as the penis.
它的很大一部分都藏在皮肤底下。它所包含的勃起组织几乎和阴茎一样多。
It's beautiful, isn't it? It looks a little like a swan.
它很美，对吧？它看起来有点像是天鹅。
This sculpture is by an artist named Sophia Wallace as part of her "Cliteracy" project.
这个雕塑是艺术家索非亚·华莱士的作品，这是她的“阴蒂知识能力”计划的一部分。
She believes we need more "cliteracy,"
她相信我们需要更多“阴蒂知识能力”，
and it's true, considering that this structure was only fully 3-D mapped by researchers in 2009.
这是真的，想想看，一直到2009年才有科学家把阴蒂结构对映制成完全的3D图。
That was after we finished mapping the entire human genome.
在那之前我们都已经把所有人类基因组对映制成3D图了。
This ignorance has real-life consequences.
这种无知，在现实生活中是会造成后果的。
In a medical journal in 2005, Dr. Helen O'Connell, a urologist, warned her colleagues
在2005年的一本医学期刊中，泌尿科医生海伦·奥康内尔警告她的同事，
that this structure was still nowhere to be found in basic medical journals -- textbooks like "Gray's Anatomy."
在基础的医学期刊中都还找不到这个结构--像《格雷氏解剖学》等教科书。

This could have serious consequences for surgery.
对于手术来说，可能会有严重的后果。
Take this in. Gentlemen: imagine if you were at risk of losing your penis
想想这一点。男士们：想象你有失去阴茎的风险，
because doctors weren't totally sure where it was or what it looked like.
因为医生不能完全肯定阴茎在哪里，或它看起来是什么样子的。
Unsurprisingly, many women aren't too clear on their own genital anatomy either.
不意外，许多女人对于她们自己的生殖器解剖学也不怎么了解。
You can't really blame them. The clitoris is often missing from many sex-ed diagrams, too.
也不能怪她们。在许多性教育的图上也都少了阴蒂。
Women can sense that their culture views their bodies with confusion at best, outright disdain and disgust at worst.
女人可以感受到，在最好的情况下，她们的文化也是带着困惑看待她们的身体，在最糟的情况下则是带着蔑视和憎恶。
Many women still view their own genitals as dirty or inadequate.
许多女人仍然认为自己的生殖器是肮脏、不够好的。
They're increasingly comparing their vulvas with the neat and tiny ones they see in pornography.
越来越多女人会将她们自己的外阴拿来和色情片里工整又小的外阴做比较。
It's one reason why labiaplasty is becoming a skyrocketing business among women and teen girls.
这就是为什么阴唇整形手术在女人和青少女之间变得非常热门。
Some people feel that all this is a trivial issue.
有些人觉得这些都是不重要的议题。
I was writing my book when I was at a dinner party and someone said,
我在一场晚餐聚会上在写我的书，有人说：
"Isn't sexuality a first-world problem? Aren't women dealing with more important issues all over the world?"
“性功能不是第一世界的问题吗？全世界的女人不是要处理其它更重要的议题吗？”
Of course they are. But I think the impulse to trivialize sex is part of our problem.
当然，她们要。但我认为，我们有一部分的问题就是我们有轻视性议题的念头。
We live in a culture that seems obsessed with sex. We use it to sell everything.
我们所处的文化似乎对性很迷恋。我们会利用“性”销售每样产品。
We tell women that looking sexy is one of the most important things you can do.
我们告诉女人，你能做的最重要的事之一就是让自己看起来很性感。
But what we really do is we belittle sex.
但我们在做的其实是在贬低性。
We reduce it to a sad shadow of what it truly is. Sex is more than just an act.
我们把它降级成真相旁边的悲伤影子。性不只是一种行为。
I spoke with Dr. Lori Brotto, a psychologist who treats sexual issues in women, including survivors of trauma.
我和洛瑞·布罗托医生谈过，她是治疗女性性问题的精神科医师，也治疗创伤后的幸存者。
She says the hundreds of women she sees all tend to repeat the same thing.
她说，她看过的数百名女人都倾向有同一种状况。
They say, "I don't feel whole." They feel they've lost a connection with their partners and themselves.
她们说：“我觉得自己不完整。”她们觉得她们已经失去和另一半以及自己的连结。
So what is sex? We've traditionally defined the act of sex as a linear, goal-oriented process.
所以，性是什么？传统上，我们将性的行为定义为一个目标导向的线性过程。
It's something that starts with lust, continues to heavy petting and finishes with a happy ending.
这个过程始于性欲，接着是大量的爱抚动作，最后是快乐的结尾。
Except many women don't experience it this way. It's less linear for them and more circular.
只是，许多女人的体验并不是这样的。对女人来说，这个过程比较像是个圆圈而非线性。
This is a new model of women's arousal and desire developed by Dr. Rosemary Basson.
这是一个描述女性冲动和欲望的新模型，是由萝丝玛莉·贝森博士发展出来的。
It says many things, including that women can begin an encounter for many different reasons that aren't desire, like curiosity.
它表述了许多东西，包括女人开始一段邂逅的理由可能有很多，理由不只是欲望，比如好奇心也是。
They can finish with a climax or multiple climaxes, or satisfaction without a climax at all. All options are normal.
她们的结尾可能是单一高潮或多重高潮，或是有满足感却完全没有高潮。所有这些选项都很正常。
Some people are starting to champion a richer definition of sexuality.
有些人开始支持给性事一个更丰富的定义。
Whether you identify as male, female or neither gender, sex is about our relationship to the senses.
不论你认同的性别是男性、女性，或都不是，性的重点是我们和感受的关系。
It's about slowing down, listening to the body, coming into the present moment.
重点是要慢下步调，倾听身体的声音，真正地处在当下。
It's about our whole health and well-being.
重点是我们的整个健康和幸福。
In other words, sex at its true breadth isn't profane, it's sacred.
换言之，真正有广度的性并不是亵渎，它是神圣的。
That's one reason why women are redefining their sexuality today.
这就是现今女人要重新定义她们的性行为的理由之一。
They're asking: What is sex for me?
她们会问：“性对我来说是什么？”
So they're experimenting with practices that are less about the happy ending -- more about feeling whole.
所以，她们在实验一些做法，重点不是放在快乐的结尾--而是着重于感觉到完整。
So they're trying out spiritual sex classes, masturbation workshops
她们在尝试灵性的性课程，手淫研讨会，
even shooting their own porn that celebrates the diversity of real bodies.
甚至拍摄她们自己的色情片，来赞颂真实身体的多样性。
For anyone who still feels this is a trivial issue, consider this:
如果你仍然觉得这是不重要的议题，想想这一点：
understanding your body is crucial to the huge issue of sex education and consent.
对于“性教育和同意”这个大议题，了解你的身体是很重要的。
By deeply, intimately knowing what kind of touch feels right, what pressure, what speed, what context,
通过深刻、亲密地去认识什么样的触感才是对的，什么压力、什么速度、什么情境，
you can better know what kind of touch feels wrong and have the confidence to say so.
你才能更理解什么样的触碰感是错的，并有自信地说出来。
This isn't ultimately about women having more or better sex.
这最终的目的并不是让女人有更多或更好的性。
It's not about making sure women have as many orgasms as men.
也不是要确保女人和男人有一样多的高潮。
It's about accepting yourself and your own unique experience.
重点在于接受你自己以及你自己独特的体验。
It's about you being the expert on your body.
重点在于你是了解自己身体的专家。
It's about defining pleasure and satisfaction on your terms.
重点在于用你自己的语言来定义愉悦和满足。
And if that means you're happiest having no sex at all, that's perfect, too.
就算完全没有性生活对你来说才是最快乐的，那也非常好。
If we define sex as part of our whole health and well-being,
如果我们把性定义为我们整体健康和幸福的一部分，
then empowering women and girls to fully own it is a crucial next step toward equality.
那么就让女人和女孩，能完全自主拥有这类的健康和幸福，这是通往平等的关键下一步。
And I think it would be a better world not just for women but for everyone. Thank you.
我认为，这会是个更好的世界，不只是对女人而言，对所有人皆是如此。谢谢。