(单词翻译:单击)
Even though the Moon is, like, right there, it's actually not that easy to get to.
虽然月球就在那里，不会突然消失，但去月球并非易事。
Because leaving Earth is a huge challenge and gently hitting a small target is even harder, only three countries have successfully put a lander on its surface:
因为脱离地球本身就是一项巨大的挑战，要轻柔地着陆在小型星体上面的难度就更大了。目前为止，只有3个国家成功将着陆器发射到月球表面：
the Soviet Union, the United States, and China.
苏联、美国、中国。
But if all goes according to plan, Israel is about to join that list.
如果一切都按照计划进行，那么以色列会成为名单上的第4个国家。
In just under a month, their Beresheet lander is scheduled to touch down on the Moon.
在仅不到一个月的时间里，月球登录器（Beresheet）将着陆于月球表面。
It will be a big milestone for the country, but also for humanity overall.
这对于以色列乃至整个人类来说都是巨大的里程碑。
Beresheet will be the first lunar landing conducted by a private company.
Beresheet将会成为由私企完成的首次月球着陆。
Beresheet is named for a Hebrew word that roughly translates to in the beginning, and it launched from Florida aboard one of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets on February 22nd.
该登录器是以一个希伯来单词命名的，大概意思是“起初”。2月22日，它借助于太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）的猎鹰9号火箭从佛罗里达州发射。
About half an hour after liftoff, the craft separated from the rocket and began a series of loops around Earth that will get it closer and closer to the Moon.
发射近半小时后，该登录器与火箭分离，并开始在环绕地球的过程中离月球越来越近。
Since then, things have been going pretty well.
自那以后，一切都进展地相当顺利。
There have been a couple of small glitches, including a surprise computer reset, but mission control quickly fixed them.
期间也出过一些小故障，比如电脑猝不及防地重置等等，但太空航行地面指挥中心都迅速修复了。
Beresheet is scheduled to arrive at the Moon on April 4th, and it will hopefully land a week later.
Beresheet预计于4月4日到达月球，并有望于一周后着陆。
Its planned destination is the Sea of Serenity, a giant lava plain that formed about 3.8 billion years ago.
其计划中的目的地是宁静海，这里是一大片岩浆平原地区，是近38亿年前形成的。
In the 1970s, the Soviet Union's Luna 21 mission deployed a lander there, and it detected some weird magnetism readings.
上世纪70年代，苏联的Luna 21号任务也在这里部署了一个着陆器，而且着陆器检测到了一些奇怪的磁力读数。
Beresheet's magnetometer will be able to investigate that further, which should teach us more about the Moon's early history and the magnetic field it used to have.
Beresheet的磁力计可以进一步研究该地区，可以让我们了解更多有关月球初期历史和磁场的情况。
If this lander sounds familiar, it's because the company that built it, called SpaceIL, was one of the final five contestants in Google's Lunar X-Prize.
如果该着陆器听起来详细的话，是因为建造它的公司是SpaceIL公司，该公司是谷歌Lunar X-Prize大赛决赛的5家公司之一。
This competition planned to award 20 million dollars to the first team to land a craft on the Moon and fulfill a few other mission requirements.
该大赛计划将2000万美元的奖金赠予第一个将着陆器着陆到月球并完成其他一些任务要求的团队。
As part of that process, SpaceIL partnered with several individuals and both government and private organizations to fund their project.
作为流程的部分内容，该公司与几位个人、政府、其他私企一起合作，为该项目筹资。
But in the end, after extending the deadline several times, Google ultimately didn't award a cash prize when none of the teams could meet the March 31, 2018 deadline.
但最后，在数次推迟截止日期后，谷歌最后没有办法现金奖励，因为这5支队伍都没能在2018年3月31日的截止日期之前达到目标。
Still, SpaceIL continued working, and they ended up joining forces with NASA to send their project to the Moon, anyway.
不过，该公司依然在持续探索，最后，该公司与美国宇航局（NASA）合作，一道实现在月球着陆的项目。
NASA even gave the mission some additional equipment, including a laser retroreflector, which is basically a set of tiny mirrors you can bounce lasers off of to measure distance.
NASA甚至为此次任务提供了额外的设备，包括激光回射器，即一些小小的镜子，这些镜子可以将激光发射回去，从而测量距离。
If you have a bunch of them, you can figure out roughly where you are around the Moon.
如果配备了回射器，就能大致弄清楚自己与月球的位置关系。
So in the future, the reflectors on Beresheet could be used to help spacecraft navigate lunar orbit.
所以，未来，Beresheet上的回射器可以用来帮助航天器探索月球的轨道。
Also, when this thing lands, it will kick up a bunch of dust and rock.
此外，它着陆的时候，势必会掀起许多尘土和石块。
And NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, which is currently orbiting the Moon, will be able to study what it's made of using its various instruments.
NASA的月球勘测轨道飞行器正在环绕月球飞行，该飞行器将可以通过各种设备来研究其组成成分。
Beresheet will be able to help with all kinds of science, but it will also stand as a monument for its home country.
Beresheet将可以助力各种科学研究，也将成为以色列里程碑式的存在。
The craft carries a time capsule containing digital files, including Israeli history, songs, and literature.
该着陆器上配备着一个时代文物密藏器，里面有许多数码文件，涉及以色列历史、歌谣和文学。
It also contains the entire English Wikipedia, which will theoretically create a backup copy for everything we know. Theoretically.
里面还包含了完整的英语版维基百科，理论上可以创建已知任何内容的备份，不过，是理论上哦。
And since this will be the first privately-run Moon landing, it will be a big moment for humanity, too as we keep moving into a new era of commercial spaceflight.
鉴于这将会是第一次由私企操作的月球着陆，所以对整个人类来说也是重大时刻，预示着我们在持续走向航空商业化的新时代。
We'll have to wait a little while for Beresheet to teach us about our Moon.
不过，要等一段时间，Beresheet才能让我们了解月球的更多情况。
But in the meantime, scientists are also releasing new info on other moons, like Jupiter's moon Europa.
不过，与此同时，科学家也在发布与其他卫星有关的新信息，比如木卫二。
If you were to ask NASA for a list of the most interesting moons in the solar system, I bet Europa is definitely somewhere near the top.
如果可以向NASA要一份太阳系里最有意思的卫星名单的话，我打赌木卫二绝对名列前茅。
We've known about it since the early 1600s, but in the last few decades, evidence has suggested that it has a huge body of liquid water underneath its surface.
自17世纪初期以来，我们就知道了木卫二的存在，但在过去几十年里，证据表明，木卫二地表以下存在着大量液态水。
Unfortunately, we won't have direct proof until we send a probe there.
不过，我们没有直接证据，除非能发送探测器到那里。
So in the meantime, astronomers have been using computer models to try to study how that ocean might behave.
与此同时，天文学家也在通过各种计算机模型来试图研究那片地下海的情况。
And in a new paper published this week in Nature Astronomy Letters, they've found evidence that Jupiter's magnetic field might have a potentially-surprising effect on it.
本周，《自然-天文学》上发表了一篇新论文，论文作者指出，他们发现有证据表明木星的磁场可能对木卫二产生惊人的影响。
At first blush, it might seem like a magnetic field shouldn't do anything to a bunch of water.
站一看，可能会觉得磁场不应该对一片水有什么影响。
But if this ocean exists, it's likely full of charged particles from dissolved salts, which the field could act on.
但如果这片地下海当真存在，那么里面很有可能满是溶盐分离出的带电粒子，而磁场可以对带电粒子产生作用。
Also, Jupiter's magnetic field is at an angle relative to Europa's orbit.
此外，木星的磁场与木卫二的轨道形成了一定的夹角。
That means that, as Europa moves around, the magnetic field it experiences has a different strength and direction.
也就是说，在木卫二环行的时候，磁场的强度和方向会有变化。
In other words, the field is shifting. And a shifting magnetic field causes charged particles to start flowing and generating electrical currents.
换言之，磁场是在移动的。移动的磁场会让带电粒子开始流动并产生电流。
So Jupiter's magnetic field could be pushing around salty water underneath Europa.
所以木星的磁场可能让木卫二下的盐水来回流动。
In this new study, computer models showed that this is likely true.
在这项新研究中，一些计算机模型显示，该说法很有可能是真的。
The models showed both strong upward and downward turbulence in the water, as well as a westward jet at Europa's equator.
这些模型显示，这片水域中上下两个方向的湍流十分强劲，木卫二的赤道上还有向西的喷射流。
Granted, sources like hydrothermal vents and regular old heat transfer are all happening at the same time, and they have a stronger effect than Jupiter's magnetic field.
无可否认，深海热泉和常规热传递是同时发生的，而且比木星磁场的效果更强。
But this is an important thing to study if we want to fully understand what's going on inside Europa.
但这是一个重要的研究点，如果我们想充分理解木卫二内部情况的话。
Under the surface, these currents of water would help move around compounds that could be important to life.
在地表以下，这些水流会让各种化合物流动，这对生命是很重要的。
And above the surface, they could help explain why we've seen certain kinds of cracks in Europa's ice.
地表以上，这些水流可以助力解释我们为什么可以在木卫二的冰层中看到一些裂缝。
That jet of water from the simulations was moving the opposite way the moon rotates.
在模型中，水流的方向与木卫二旋转的方向相反。
So if it's real, it would create stress on the ice that would form cracks.
所以，如果这是真的话，就会给形成裂缝的冰造成压力。
Of course, before we can say anything for sure, we really do need to get a spacecraft out there.
当然了，在我们可以给出确凿的说法前，还是需要发射一只航天器到那里去。
And luckily, help is finally on the way!
所幸，航天器终于在路上了！
In 2022, the European Space Agency's JUICE mission is scheduled to launch, and it should arrive in 2029.
2022年，欧洲太空总署的冰月探测器（JUICE）预计要发射升空，并将于2029年抵达。
In addition to Europa, it will collect data from Ganymede and Callisto, which may also have subsurface oceans.
除了木卫二之外，JUICE还将从木卫三和木卫四上收集数据，因为这两颗卫星可能也有地下海存在。
NASA has a dedicated Europa mission in the works, called the Europa Clipper, but that one doesn't have a scheduled launch year yet.
NASA正在投入大量精力准备木卫二的快船项目，但该项目还没有确定发射时间。
So, like with the SpaceIL mission, we have some waiting to do here, too.
所以，跟SpaceIL任务一样，我们还需要一些等待。
But in not too long, we should have plenty of new, moon-themed discoveries.
不过，不久后，我们应该就有很多以卫星为主题的新发现了。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Space News, and special thanks to Matthew Brant, our Patreon President of Space.
感谢收看本期的《太空科学秀》，尤其要感谢马修·布兰特，他是我们节目的忠实粉丝。
Thank you, Matthew Brant for supporting SciShow so much!
感谢他对节目的大力支持！
If you want to become our next president of space, or just help us keep making more episodes like this, you can go to patreon.com/scishow. And thank you!
如果您也想成为铁杆粉丝或者想帮助我们制作类似本期节目的话，可以登录patreon.com/scishow。谢谢大家。
