(单词翻译:单击)
Herpes is super common among humans.
疱疹在人类中的发病非常普遍。
50 to 80 percent of U.S. adults and more than 2/3 of the world population have it.
50%到80%的美国成年人以及超过2/3的世界人口都曾起过疱疹。
And pretty much everyone will be exposed to it in their lifetime.
几乎每个人，一生中都与它有过接触。
But where did exactly did it come from?
但它究竟是从哪里来的呢？
Herpes simplex is a virus and there are two types.
单纯疱疹病毒是一种病毒，它有两种类型。
Oral is Type I and genital is Type II -- when it comes to oral we've always had it.
口腔的是I型，生殖器的是II型——说到口腔，我们一直都有。
The virus has been with us since we before we were considered "modern humans."
早在我们成为“现代人类”之前，这种病毒就已经开始伴随我们。
But Type II -- genital herpes is new!
但是II型，生殖器疱疹则是新的！
Evidence shows that when we split from our chimpanzee common ancestor about 7 million years ago, we did not have the herpes simplex II virus.
证据表明，当700万年前，我们从与黑猩猩共同的祖先那里分出来时，我们并没有II型单纯疱疹病毒。
Then somewhere between 3 and 1.4 million years ago, we got it.
随后在3万年到140万年前的某个时间点，这种病毒出现。
The carrier, it seems, was an intermediate species unrelated to humans called Paranthropus boisei, which was "a heavyset bipedal hominin with a smallish brain and dish-like face."
它的载体，似乎是一个中间物种，这种载体本身和人无关，被称为傍人鲍氏种，这是“一种粗壮的双足类人，这个物种大脑很小，脸似盘状。”
What a hottie. This hominin likely contracted the virus by scavenging infected ancestral chimp meat.
真是万人迷。这个物种可能是在吃被感染的黑猩猩肉时，感染了这种病毒。
The virus would have passed from kill to killer through a bite or open sore.
这种病毒会通过咬伤或开放性伤口，从猎物身上传递给杀手。
And the new virus then shared mouth-space with the simplex I virus.
然后这种新病毒与单纯I型病毒共享了口部空间。
Over time found a happier home in a different "mucosal niche." The genitals.
随着时间的推移，它们在一个不同的“粘膜温床”，找到了一个更幸福的家。生殖器。
It got to us because P. boisei and our direct ancestors Homo erectus lived in close enough proximity for the two genetic lines cross and share the virus.
之后传给了我们，因为傍人鲍氏种和直立人，也就是我们的先祖共同生存，所以基因遗传交叉，以至于感染了病毒。
There's evidence that the Homo erectus butchered and hunted its food, which means our ancestors likely got the herpes type-II virus by eating infected meat.
有证据表明，直立人屠杀和捕猎，这意味着我们的祖先可能吃了携带疱疹II型病毒感染的肉。
But, it's also possible that we got it through interspecies intercourse with anthropological hottie P. Boisei.
但是，也有可能是我们通过与傍人鲍氏种跨物种性交获得了这种病毒。
From there it was passed around from mother to child and plain exposure.
从那时起，这种病毒有了母子传播途径，以及普通暴露。
As weird as this is to think about, it actually says a lot about the resilience of viruses.
这是一个奇怪的想法，但它实际上关乎病毒的复原力。
It's not common for a virus to transfer between species, though we are seeing a rise in this happening with things like swine flu, bird flu, ebola, and even HIV.
病毒在物种间转移并不常见，尽管我们在猪流感、禽流感、埃博拉病毒甚至HIV等方面，都看到了这种现象的增加。
It can, unfortunately, happen innocuously in some instances, say a chance encounter with a sick animal while traveling abroad.
不幸的是，在某些情况下它可以无害化发生，比如说在国外旅行时，遇见了一个生病的动物。
But in most cross-species cases, the virus needs a lucky genetic mutation and a lot of fluid exchange for this to happen, which is consistent with BOTH consuming meat and hot ancient interspecies sex.
但在大多数跨物种的情况下，病毒需要一个幸运的基因突变和大量的流体交换才能，这与食用肉类和古老的跨种性交具有一致性。
It also helped that P. boisei, though not a direct relative, was closer to homo erectus than some other more distant mammals.
尽管不是直系，傍人鲍氏种比其它远缘哺乳动物更接近直立人。
Close genes allow a virus to infect a new host more easily, and now it's primed to spread through the new species.
紧密的基因使病毒更容易感染新的宿主，现在它已经开始通过新物种进行传播。
So, herpes and humans have a pretty long shared history.
因此，疱疹和人类有着很长历史渊源。
Thanks to either meat eating, or … well you get it.
这多亏了吃肉，或者…你懂的。
Welcome home herpes, I guess? For more, and only sometimes super gross, science videos, be sure to subscribe.
我想，欢迎回家，疱疹？更多内容，而且有时超级恶心的科学视频，敬请订阅。
Luckily, we're getting better at managing those cross-species viruses, but how close are we to curing HIV?
幸运的是，我们正在更好地管理这些跨种病毒，但我们离治愈HIV有多近呢？
We did a video about it here.
关于这方面我们制作了一个视频。
Even worse than trans-species viruses?
甚至比跨种病毒更糟？
Two pathogens can also and morph in your gut, turning into a brand new and potentially deadly virus! Yay!
两种病原体也可以在你的肠道变形，变成一种全新的，并有着潜在致命危险的病毒！耶！
