Why do humans explore? Well, part of it is quite fundamental to our nature; there’s adventure and challenge in it.
为什么人类会去探索？一部分原因是这是我们的本性；我们本性中含有冒险和挑战的成分
But for me, the reason I’m drawn to exploration is because it forces us to think in novel ways.
但我认为人类之所以去探索，是因为这能让我们用新奇的方式去思考
And as an inventor I love going into extraordinary environments and finding ways to do that more safely, more effectively, developing ways to extract better science.
作为发明家，我喜欢进入各种离奇的环境，并寻找更安全、更有效的方法来做到这一点，想办法提炼出更好的科学
And so for me it’s actually been a wonderful catalyst for innovation.
所以对我来说这其实是一种极好的创新催化剂
Similar to NASA’s history—when you think back to the Apollo program, which is sort of the icon of my childhood, the thing that I wanted to be a part of as a kid,
与NASA的历史相似——当你回想阿波罗项目的时候，那可是我童年的标志，是我小时候都想干的事情

the things that had to be invented to safely send astronauts first into Earth orbit and then to the moon, the list is so long.
为了将宇航员安全送至地球轨道然后送到月球，需要发明的东西实在是太多了
But what came of that is an extraordinary list of technologies that we now take for granted.
但随之而来的是很多我们现在习以为常的出色技术
For example, the heart monitoring capabilities called the Holter monitor that we now have in daily practice around the world,
比如，现在每天都在全世界广泛使用的拥有心脏监控能力的霍尔特氏心电动态监测仪
that was something that was driven out necessity.
它就是因为需要而产生的东西
We needed to monitor heart health, needed to make sure that the crew is still alive onboard those early tiny capsules.
我们需要监控心脏健康状况，需要确保那些在早期微小太空舱里的人还活着
So by pushing our capabilities, whether it’s up in space, down in the Antarctic, inside volcanoes, underneath our oceans,
所以为了促进自身能力，无论是在太空中、南极地区、火山内部还是海洋深处
we have to develop new technologies that benefit all the rest of us in our daily lives.
我们都必须发展新技术，让所有人在日常生活中受益
And so the world is still very, very unknown and what I mean by that is yes we’ve been to most parts of our globe,
这个世界还有太多未知之谜，我的意思是，没错，我们去过地球上的大多数地方
but now we have a whole array of new sensing capabilities, new technologies, new analytical capabilities, big data analytics
但现在我们有了全新的感知能力、新型技术、新型分析能力和大数据分析
that will allow us to go back to these places and extract more knowledge and press our capabilities more.
这能让我们再回到那些地方，提取更多知识，进一步激发潜力
So I think it’s an incredibly exciting time to be alive and certainly as an explorer.
所以我认为现在是当一个活跃的探险家的极佳时刻
Through the course of our space program and our space exploration thus far,
通过迄今为止的太空项目和太空探索
we’ve developed the tools and countermeasures to safely send astronauts, colonists, to far-away worlds.
我们已经发展出了将宇航员、殖民者安全送至遥远世界的工具和对策
And so, as I’ve already alluded, I think it’s our human destiny to go beyond Earth
就像我说的，到地球以外的地方
to hopefully create an outpost on the moon similar to what we have at the south pole,
并且可能在月球上创造一个和南极相似的哨站是人类的使命
where we could conduct deep space research and also create a waypoint to resupply spacecraft that could travel further on,
在那里我们可以进行外太空研究，还能开发出一条再补给太空飞船的路径，让它们飞得更远
to Mars and other exciting places in our own solar system.
飞到火星和太阳系中其他激动人心的地方去
You may have heard of Enceladus or Europa or Titan, these are ice-encrusted moons of our outer planets that have geothermal or volcanic activity within them
你可能听说过土卫二或木卫二或提坦，这些都是外行星中被冰层覆盖的卫星，它们内部有地热或火山活动
and so they’re actually ice-crusted oceans, and wouldn’t it be amazing if we could send a spacecraft and/or crew there and sample those waters?
所以它们其实是盖有冰壳的海洋，如果我们能把太空飞船和/或工作人员发送到这些卫星上去取海水样本，岂不是很酷？
I would think that the likelihood of finding at least some simple life forms there is quite high.
我觉得在那里找到一些单一生命体的可能性相当大
That would change everything, to realize that life is perhaps not as unique as we thought.
那会改变所有东西，让我们意识到生命可能并不像我们所认为的那样独特
I think deep space exploration is a human imperative, understanding our place in the solar system and in the broader universe.
我认为外太空探索是人类必要之事，可以理解我们在太阳系以及广大宇宙中的位置
And one of the exciting things that’s happening right now is we’re discovering these exoplanets surrounding far-away star systems,
现在正在发生的一件很棒的事是我们发现了环绕在遥远星级系统周围的外行星
and in fact planets are probably not the exception but probably the rule.
实际上，这些行星可能不是例外，而是正常现象
There are probably planetary bodies around every little star, twinkle twinkle little star that we see in the night sky
可能每个小行星、我们看到在夜空中闪烁的小行星周围都有行星体
and so it’s incredibly exciting to think about what might be out there.
想想那里可能有什么东西就让人激动
Is there life elsewhere?
其他地方还有生命吗？
And I think if we just think about it statistically, the trillions and trillions of star systems and far-away galaxies
如果我们从数据学上看，在那些数以万计的星级系统和遥远星系上
and the incredible number of planets that are certainly out there, the conditions for life must certainly exist.
还有确认存在的海量行星上，一定有适合生命存活的条件
So I’m excited about the prospect of sending, hopefully, crews first to the moon but then on to Mars
所以我对将人们先送往月球再送往火星的前景充满希望
and I’m really so excited about Elon Musk’s vision of colonizing Mars.
也对伊隆·马斯克殖民火星的愿景感到很兴奋
In fact, he’s got designs to design rockets that would carry a hundred colonists at a time and taking them to live out the rest of their lives on Mars.
其实，他已经有了可以一次携带数百名殖民者的火箭设计方案，这种火箭能让他们在火星上度过余生
He’s a pretty interesting guy, as I’m sure you know, he’s been successful at pretty much everything that he has set his mind and his money to do,
他这个人很有趣，这点很确定，基本上他下定决心并花费金钱去做的所有事情都成功了
but he’s so dedicated to this concept of colonization that he’s stated that he wants to die on Mars and I think that’s commitment.
不过他对殖民观念是如此痴迷，以至于他说自己想在火星上去世，我觉得这是一种承诺
I’m really passionate about virtual reality and mixed or augmented reality in the future,
我对虚拟现实和未来的混合或增强现实充满了激情
ways in which we can interact and learn and train ourselves to do new things from very remote places.
它们能让我们在很远的地方互相影响并学习和练习新事物
And it will allow us to actually control robotics and do things that we would never be able to do in person because that environment is so dangerous.
它还能让我们去实际操控机器人学，去做一些因为环境危险而不能亲自去做的事情
So the human-machine interface is actually something that is part of my daily life now.
所以其实人机接口是我现在日常生活的一部分
I’m at CEO of a tech startup company called Fluidity Technologies that is based on my intellectual property, robotic controls, leveraging, machine learning.
我是流动性技术科技创业公司的执行总裁，这建立在我的知识产权、机器人学控制、杠杆作用和机器学习能力之上
So we’re able, in a single hand with our controllers, to operate drones, potentially even helicopters and ROVs, computer games,
所以通过控制器，我们就能单手操控无人机甚至很可能是直升机和ROV、电脑游戏
computer-aided design, augmented reality and maybe even teleoperation of surgical robots.
电脑辅助设计、增强现实和远程操控外科手术机器人
And so in my far-away view, what I’d love to be able to offer the world is a surgeon here in New York City being able to operate with one of our controllers
所以从长远角度看，我想给世界提供一名纽约市的外科医生，他能够操作控制器
and deliver the same high-quality care to a patient in sub-Saharan Africa or in rural Nepal.
并向撒哈拉以南非洲或尼泊尔乡下的病人提供同样高质量的服务
That sounds like science fiction, but it’s really quite attainable with the technologies that I see on the forefront.
这听起来像是科幻小说，但在我看来，未来的科技很可能让它成为现实