This is such a strange thing. Your software, Linux, is in millions of computers, it probably powers much of the Internet.
有件事情很奇怪。你的软件，Linux，运行于数百万计算机中，可以说是它驱动了网络。
And I think that there are, like, a billion and a half active Android devices out there.
我想，全世界正在使用将近15亿台的安卓设备。
Your software is in every single one of them. It's kind of amazing.
每一台里都有你的软件。这非常了不起。
You must have some amazing software headquarters driving all this.
你肯定有一个特别高大上的总部来实现这一切。
That's what I thought -- and I was shocked when I saw a picture of it.
我以前真这么想--直到我看到这张照片，我被震惊了。
I mean, this is -- this is the Linux world headquarters.
真的惊了--这就是Linux的总部。
It really doesn't look like much. And I have to say, the most interesting part in this picture, that people mostly react to, is the walking desk.
好吧，让大家失望了。我不得不说，这张照片里最有意思的地方，被最多人问起的地方，就是那张会动的办公桌。
It is the most interesting part in my office and I'm not actually using it anymore.
这是我办公室最有趣的部分，虽然我现在不怎么用它了。
And I think the two things are related.
我觉得两者是有联系的。
The way I work is ... I want to not have external stimulation.
我的工作方式...我不想要有太多的外来刺激。
You can kind of see, on the walls are this light green.
大家能看到，我的墙是淡绿色的。
I'm told that at mental institutions they use that on the walls.
据说精神病医院的墙就是这种颜色。
It's like a calming color, it's not something that really stimulates you.
这种颜色能让你平静，不会刺激到你。
What you can't see is the computer here, you only see the screen,
其实大家看不到我的电脑（主机），只能看到显示器，
but the main thing I worry about in my computer is -- it doesn't have to be big and powerful,
我对电脑最主要的要求--并不是性能强劲，
although I like that -- it really has to be completely silent.
尽管我也爱--就是它必须没有任何声音。
I know people who work for Google and they have their own small data center at home, and I don't do that.
我认识一些在谷歌工作的人，他们在家里都有小型数据中心，我可没这习惯。
My office is the most boring office you'll ever see.
我的办公室也许是你见过最无聊的一个。
And I sit there alone in the quiet. If the cat comes up, it sits in my lap.
我喜欢独自一人，享受安静。如果有猫进来，它会坐在我大腿上。
And I want to hear the cat purring, not the sound of the fans in the computer.
我喜欢听猫打呼噜，而不是听特烦的电脑风扇的声音。
So this is astonishing, because working this way, you're able to run this vast technology empire -- it is an empire
太了不起了，你的这种工作方式，才能让你运行如此庞大的一个技术帝国--确实是一个帝国，
so that's an amazing testament to the power of open source.
这是开源（软件）强大力量的一个最好例证。
Tell us how you got to understand open source and how it lead to the development of Linux.
请告诉我们你是如何理解开源的，和它又是如何一步一步发展成Linux的。
I mean, I still work alone. Really -- I work alone in my house, often in my bathrobe.
我现在还是独自工作。真的，我独自一人在家工作，经常穿着浴袍干活。
When a photographer shows up, I dress up, so I have clothes on.
当一个摄影师来的时候，我才会穿戴整齐，所以我是穿着衣服的。
And that's how I've always worked. I mean, this was how I started Linux, too.
我一直以来就是这样工作的。Linux也是这样诞生的。
I did not start Linux as a collaborative project.
Linux并不是一个合作的产物。
I started it as one in a series of many projects I had done at the time for myself,
它是我一系列项目中的一个，纯粹出于自己当时的需要，
partly because I needed the end result, but even more because I just enjoyed programming.
部分原因是我需要得到结果，但更重要的原因是我享受编程。
So it was about the end of the journey, which, 25 years later, we still have not reached.
这段旅程的终点，在25年后的今天，我们仍未达到。
But it was really about the fact that I was looking for a project on my own and there was no open source, really, on my radar at all.
当年我只是想做一个完全属于自己的项目，我压根就没想过开源这件事。
And what happened is ... the project grows and becomes something you want to show off to people.
但在那之后，随着项目越来越大，你会开始想让别人知道。
Really, this is more of a, "Wow, look at what I did!" And trust me -- it was not that great back then.
感觉就像，“哇，快来看看我的成果！”但说实话，最开始并没这么好。
I made it publicly available, and it wasn't even open source at that point. At that point it was source that was open,
我把它放到网上供人下载，当时甚至还不是开源的。当然，所有代码都是开放的，
but there was no intention behind using the kind of open-source methodology that we think of today to improve it.
但我并没有想过要用我们今天所熟知的开源方法来改进它。
It was more like, "Look, I've been working on this for half a year, I'd love to have comments."
我当时想的是，“看，这是我折腾了半年的成果，我想听听大家的意见。”
And other people approached me. At the University of Helsinki, I had a friend who was one of the open source
有人来找过我。在赫尔辛基大学，我有个朋友是做开源软件的，
it was called mainly "free software" back then -- and he actually introduced me to the notion that,
当年还叫“免费软件”，他让我了解到，
hey, you can use these open-source licenses that had been around.
嘿，你可以用那些已有的开源许可证。
And I thought about it for a while. I was actually worried about the whole commercial interests coming in.
我考虑了一段时间。我其实有点担心商业利益牵涉其中。
I mean, that's one of the worries I think most people who start out have,
我想，很多人一开始会跟我一样，
is that they worry about somebody taking advantage of their work, right? And I decided, "What the hell?" And...
担心自己的工作成果会被人利用，不是吗？于是我决定，“不管了。”然后...
And then at some point, someone contributed some code that you thought,
然后某一天，一些人对你的代码提出了些建议，你觉得
"Wow, that really is interesting, I would not have thought of that. This could actually improve this."
“哇哦，真是不错，我都没想到这一点。对改进软件很有帮助。”
It didn't even start by people contributing code, it was more that people started contributing ideas.
其实最开始没有多少人直接改代码，而是提出了很多想法。
And just the fact that somebody else takes a look at your project -- and I'm sure it's true of other things, too,
让别人看一下你所做的项目--我想在其他行业也是这样，
but it's definitely true in code -- is that somebody else takes an interest in your code,
但在编程的时候就更是如此，有人对你的代码感兴趣，
looks at it enough to actually give you feedback and give you ideas. That was a huge thing for me.
仔细研究过，能给你反馈，给你建议。对我而言是非常重要的一件事。
I was 21 at the time, so I was young, but I had already programmed for half my life, basically.
当时我21岁，还很年轻，但在那之前，我人生的一半时间都在敲代码。
And every project before that had been completely personal
之前的每一个项目，我都是独自完成的，
and it was a revelation when people just started commenting, started giving feedback on your code.
有人开始评论我的代码，给予反馈，真是头一遭。
And even before they started giving code back, that was, I think, one of the big moments where I said, "I love other people!"
他们甚至还没开始改代码，但对我来讲已经足以载入史册，因为我觉得，“我爱世人！”
Don't get me wrong -- I'm actually not a people person. I don't really love other people...
别误会我，其实我并不合群。我并不爱世人。
But I love computers, I love interacting with other people on email, because it kind of gives you that buffer.
但我爱电脑，我喜欢通过发邮件互动，因为这样能给你缓冲。但
But I do love other people who comment and get involved in my project. And it made it so much more.
我真正喜欢的是人们给出评论，参与我的项目。这样能让我的项目快速成长。
So was there a moment when you saw what was being built and it suddenly started taking off, and you thought,
有没有那样一个时间点，你发现自己一直在做的项目突然开始成型了，你对自己说，
"Wait a sec, this actually could be something huge, not just a personal project that I'm getting nice feedback on,
“等一下，这事儿也许能做成，不单单是一个我能得到良好反馈的个人项目，
but a kind of explosive development in the whole technology world"?
而是能在整个科技界掀起轩然大波的大事”？
Not really. I mean, the big point for me, really, was not when it was becoming huge, it was when it was becoming little.
还真没有。对我而言，最重要的时刻并不是它变大的那一天，恰恰是在它还不够大的时候。
The big point for me was not being alone and having 10, maybe 100 people being involved -- that was a big point.
对我而言，当我不再独自工作，有10个人，或者100个人加入进来，这才是一种突破。
Then everything else was very gradual. Going from 100 people to a million people is not a big deal -- to me.
之后事情就顺其自然了。对我来说，从100人到100万人，并不是那么重要。
Well, I mean, maybe it is if you're...
其实我的意思是，如果你...
If you want to sell your result then it's a huge deal -- don't get me wrong.
如果你是想把自己的成果卖掉，那确实就很重要，别误解我的意思。
But if you're interested in the technology and you're interested in the project, the big part was getting the community.
如果你感兴趣的是科技本身，是这个项目本身，那么最重要的就是找到志趣相投的人。
Then the community grew gradually. And there's actually not a single point where I went like,
之后这个群体会自发壮大。并没有一个特别明显的时间点，我会觉得，
"Wow, that just took off!" because it -- I mean -- it took a long time, relatively.
“哇哦，这事儿快成了！”因为，这个时间非常漫长。
So all the technologists that I talk to really credit you with massively changing their work.
所有我采访的技术专家们都对你赞不绝口，说你极大改进了他们的工作。
And it's not just Linux, it's this thing called Git, which is this management system for software development.
不光是Linux，还有Git，是一种软件开发管理系统。
Tell us briefly about that and your role in that.
简单介绍一下它以及你在其中扮演的角色。
So one of the issues we had, and this took a while to start to appear, is when you ...
我们遇到的问题之一，在项目开始一段时间后才开始显现，就是当你...
When you grow from having 10 people or 100 people working on a project to having 10,000 people,
从10个或者100个人参与一个项目，增长到1万人的时候，
which -- I mean, right now we're in the situation where just on the kernel,
而这，关于（Linux）内核，我们碰到的问题是，
we have 1,000 people involved in every single release and that's every two months, roughly two or three months.
每次更新都有1000人参与，而更新频率是每两、三个月一次。
Some of those people don't do a lot. There's a lot of people who make small, small changes.
这其中有些人作用不大。有很多人能做出小小的改进。
But to maintain this, the scale changes how you have to maintain it.
但要进行维护，所需要的工作量就会大大增加。
And we went through a lot of pain. And there are whole projects that do only source-code maintenance.
我们吃尽了苦头。有时候甚至整个程序都仅仅是为了对源代码进行维护。
CVS is the one that used to be the most commonly used,
CVS曾经是最流行的，
and I hated CVS with a passion and refused to touch it and tried something else that was radical and interesting and everybody else hated.
我恨透了它，连碰都不想碰，我喜欢更基础、更有趣的方法，但其他人又不喜欢。
And we were in this bad spot, where we had thousands of people who wanted to participate, but in many ways,
我们陷入了僵局，成千上万的人想参与进来，但很多时候，
I was the kind of break point, where I could not scale to the point where I could work with thousands of people.
我成为了那个断点，我无法让自己跨出那一步，同上千人合作。
So Git is my second big project, which was only created for me to maintain my first big project.
因此Git是我的第二个大项目，它存在的意义就是维护我的第一个大项目。
And this is literally how I work. I don't code for -- well, I do code for fun
事实上这就是我的工作方式。我编程并不是为了...我编程是因为好玩，
but I want to code for something meaningful so every single project I've ever done has been something I needed and --
但我也想做一些有意义的事情，因此我设计每一个程序仅仅是因为我自己需要，而且...
So really, both Linux and Git kind of arose almost as an unintended consequence of your desire not to have to work with too many people.
因此，实际上，Linux和Git的出现，都是意外的收获，仅仅因为你不想跟太多人一起工作。
Absolutely. Yes. That's amazing. Yeah.
千真万确。没错。太牛了。可不是吗。
And yet, you're the man who's transformed technology not just once but twice, and we have to try and understand why it is.
你带来了技术革新，不是一次，而是两次，我们试图去探寻背后的原因。
You've given us some clues, but ... Here's a picture of you as a kid, with a Rubik's Cube.
你给了我们一些线索，但是...这是一张你小时候的照片，你手里拿着魔方。
You mentioned that you've been programming since you were like 10 or 11, half your life.
你刚才提到，你从10岁、11岁就开始编程了，人生的一半，
Were you this sort of computer genius, you know, ubernerd, were you the star at school who could do everything? What were you like as a kid?
你是那种电脑天才，技术宅吗？你在学校里是无所不能的明星吗？你是个什么样的孩子？
Yeah, I think I was the prototypical nerd. I mean, I was ... I was not a people person back then.
没错，我觉得自己就是宅男的原型。我是说，当年...我并不喜欢跟人打交道。
That's my younger brother. I was clearly more interested in the Rubik's Cube than my younger brother.
那是我弟弟。显然我对魔方更有兴趣，完全无视我弟弟。
My younger sister, who's not in the picture, when we had family meetings
我还有个妹妹，她不在照片里，当我们全家聚在一起的时候，
and it's not a huge family, but I have, like, a couple of cousins -- she would prep me beforehand.
我家人不算多，但我有好几个侄子侄女，她会事先给我打预防针。
Like, before I stepped into the room she would say, "OK. That's so-and-so ..."
在我进屋之前，她会说，“好的，你要注意什么什么...”
Because I was not -- I was a geek. I was into computers, I was into math, I was into physics.
因为我其实……我是个技术宅。我喜欢电脑，喜欢数学，喜欢物理。
I was good at that. I don't think I was particularly exceptional.
我擅长这些。但也没到出类拔萃的地步。
Apparently, my sister said that my biggest exceptional quality was that I would not let go.
就像我妹妹说的，我最突出的品质就是不放弃。
OK, so let's go there, because that's interesting. You would not let go.
好的，那我们就来聊聊这个，这很有意思。你不轻言放弃。
So that's not about being a geek and being smart, that's about being ... stubborn?
也就是说，不是因为技术宅或者聪明，而是因为……固执？
That's about being stubborn. That's about, like, just starting something and not saying,
没错，就是固执。就像，我开始做一件事情，我不会说，
"OK, I'm done, let's do something else -- Look: shiny!"
“好的，我不干了，我要去干点别的...看，比如那个！”
And I notice that in many other parts in my life, too. I lived in Silicon Valley for seven years.
我发现我在做其他事情的时候也会这样。我在硅谷生活了7年。
And I worked for the same company, in Silicon Valley, for the whole time.
一直在同一家公司上班，那可是在硅谷哦，从未换过。
That is unheard of. That's not how Silicon Valley works.
这简直闻所未闻。尤其在硅谷这个地方。
The whole point of Silicon Valley is that people jump between jobs to kind of mix up the pot. And that's not the kind of person I am.
硅谷最大的特点就是，人们总在跳槽，一会这一会那。而我不是这样。
But during the actual development of Linux itself, that stubbornness sometimes brought you in conflict with other people.
但在Linux系统发展的过程中，这种固执有时会让你和别人产生冲突。

Talk about that a bit. Was that essential to sort of maintain the quality of what was being built?
给我们讲讲这个。维持已有成果的质量是不是非常必要？
How would you describe what happened?
你会如何来形容之后发生的事情？
I don't know if it's essential. Going back to the "I'm not a people person,"
我不确定这是不是非常必要。还是说回到“我并不合群”这一点，
sometimes I'm also ... shall we say, "myopic" when it comes to other people's feelings,
有的时候我还...可以说，不太理解他人的感受，
and that sometimes makes you say things that hurt other people. And I'm not proud of that.
经常会说话伤到别人。对此我感到很抱歉。
But, at the same time, it's -- I get people who tell me that I should be nice.
但与此同时，有人告诉我，我应该友善一些。
And then when I try to explain to them that maybe you're nice,
然后我会跟他们说，可能你是友善，
maybe you should be more aggressive, they see that as me being not nice.
但你应该更加富有侵略性一些，他们会把这个当成我的不友善。
What I'm trying to say is we are different.
我想说的是我们是不同的。
I'm not a people person; it's not something I'm particularly proud of, but it's part of me.
我不是个合群的人，对此我并不感到骄傲，但这就是我。
And one of the things I really like about open source is it really allows different people to work together.
而我喜欢开源软件的一点就是，它能让形形色色的人在一起合作。
We don't have to like each other -- and sometimes we really don't like each other.
我们不必相互喜欢--有时候我们甚至互相讨厌。
Really -- I mean, there are very, very heated arguments.
是真的，我们经常吵得不可开交。
But you can, actually, you can find things that -- you don't even agree to disagree,
但是你会，你会发现许多事情--甚至都没法同意保留不同意见，
it's just that you're interested in really different things.
因为大家的兴趣点真的不一样。
And coming back to the point where I said earlier that I was afraid of commercial people taking advantage of your work,
回到我刚才说过的，我担心商人们利用我们的劳动成果，
it turned out, and very quickly turned out, that those commercial people were lovely, lovely people.
但没过多久，我发现，这些商人都是非常非常好的人。
And they did all the things that I was not at all interested in doing, and they had completely different goals.
他们做那些我不感兴趣的事，关注点与我完全不同。
And they used open source in ways that I just did not want to go.
他们使用开源软件的方法跟我不一样的。
But because it was open source they could do it, and it actually works really beautifully together.
但正因为是开源的，他们可以这么干，而且实际上效果很好。
And I actually think it works the same way.
我甚至认为跟我使用的效果一样好。
You need to have the people-people, the communicators, the warm and friendly people who like -- really want to hug you and get you into the community.
我们需要合群的人，需要能与人交流的人，需要温暖友好的人，就像...喜欢拥抱你，带你走进这个圈子。 这是两种完全不同的情况。这一个比较好。
But that's not everybody. And that's not me. I care about the technology.
但不是每个人都能做到。比如我就做不到。我关注的是技术。
There are people who care about the UI. I can't do UI to save my life.
有的人关注用户界面。我死也做不来用户界面。
I mean, if I was stranded on an island and the only way to get off that island was the make a pretty UI, I'd die there.
举个例子，如果我被困在一个孤岛上，逃出生天的唯一办法是设计一个漂亮的用户界面，我宁愿死在岛上。
So there's different kinds of people, and I'm not making excuses, I'm trying to explain.
人跟人是不一样的，我并不是在找借口，只是想解释给大家听。
Now, when we talked last week, you talked about some other trait that you have, which I found really interesting.
我们上周见面的时候，你聊到自己的一些其他特点，我觉得很有意思。
It's this idea called taste. And I've just got a couple of images here.
是关于品味的。我这里有一些图片。
I think this is an example of not particularly good taste in code, and this one is better taste, which one can immediately see.
我觉得这一段代码就没什么品位，而这一段要好一些，相信大家一看便知。
What is the difference between these two?
这两段代码有什么不一样？
So this is -- How many people here actually have coded? Oh my goodness.
这是...在座的有哪些人编过程？我的天啊。
So I guarantee you, everybody who raised their hand, they have done what's called a singly-linked list.
我敢保证，刚刚举手的每一位，肯定做过单向链表。
And it's taught -- This, the first not very good taste approach, is basically how it's taught to be done when you start out coding.
它是在...这个，第一段不怎么漂亮的代码，基本上是在你刚开始学编程的时候学到的。
And you don't have to understand the code.
你不需要真的理解这段代码。
The most interesting part to me is the last if statement.
我觉得最有意思的是最后一个“if”语句。
Because what happens in a singly-linked list -- this is trying to remove an existing entry from a list
因为在单向链表中...这里是试图将一个已存在的入口移出链表，
and there's a difference between if it's the first entry or whether it's an entry in the middle.
不同之处在于这是第一个入口，还是一个位于中间的入口。
Because if it's the first entry, you have to change the pointer to the first entry.
如果是第一个入口，你需要将指针改向第一个入口。
If it's in the middle, you have to change the pointer of a previous entry.
而如果位于中间，你需要将指针改向上一个入口。
So they're two completely different cases. And that's better.
所以这是两种完全不同的情况。那个更好一些。
And this is better. It does not have the if statement.
这一个比较好。它没有if语句。
And it doesn't really matter -- I don't want you understand why it doesn't have the if statement,
这完全不影响--你不必了解这里为什么没有“if”语句，
but I want you to understand that sometimes you can see a problem in a different way and rewrite it
你需要了解的是有时候你可以换个角度看问题，重写代码，
so that a special case goes away and becomes the normal case.
排除特例，完美覆盖所有情况。
And that's good code. But this is simple code.
这就是好的代码。同时也很简单。
This is CS 101. This is not important -- although, details are important.
这是最基本的原则。其实这都不重要--当然，细节非常重要。
To me, the sign of people I really want to work with is that they have good taste, which is how ...
对我来说，我愿意与之共事的人，必须有好的品位，这就是如何...
I sent you this stupid example that is not relevant because it's too small.
我举的这个例子很傻，没什么意义，因为实在太短。
Good taste is much bigger than this.
好的品位体现在更长的代码里。
Good taste is about really seeing the big patterns and kind of instinctively knowing what's the right way to do things.
好的品位体现在能看清全局，甚至有一种直觉，知道怎么把事情做漂亮。
OK, so we're putting the pieces together here now.
好的，让我们来总结一下。
You have taste, in a way that's meaningful to software people. You're --
你有品位，当然是对于程序员们而言，你很有品位。
I think it was meaningful to some people here.
对在座有些人而言，是这样。
You're a very smart computer coder, and you're hellish stubborn.
你是个非常有才华的电脑程序员，你异常固执。
But there must be something else. I mean, you've changed the future.
但肯定不止这些。因为你是改变了未来的人。
You must have the ability of these grand visions of the future. You're a visionary, right?
你一定有实现未来宏伟愿景的能力。你是个有远见的人，是吗？
I've actually felt slightly uncomfortable at TED for the last two days, because there's a lot of vision going on, right?
其实在过去两天里，我在TED大会觉得不太自在，因为有很多关于未来的想象，对吧？
And I am not a visionary. I do not have a five-year plan. I'm an engineer.
我并不是一个有远见的人。我没有制定未来五年的计划。我是一名工程师。
And I think it's really -- I mean -- I'm perfectly happy with all the people who are walking around
而且我觉得，真是--我是说--我非常乐意跟梦想家在一起，他们行走四方，
and just staring at the clouds and looking at the stars and saying, "I want to go there."
仰望苍穹，看着满天星辰说，“我想到那儿去。”
But I'm looking at the ground, and I want to fix the pothole that's right in front of me before I fall in.
但我是低头看路的那种人，我只想填好眼前这个坑，不让自己掉进去。
This is the kind of person I am.
我是这样的人。
So you spoke to me last week about these two guys. Who are they and how do you relate to them?
上周你跟我聊过他们俩。他们是谁？你跟他们有什么关系？
Well, so this is kind of cliché in technology, the whole Tesla versus Edison,
这其实是技术界的一个老故事了，特斯拉和爱迪生之争，
where Tesla is seen as the visionary scientist and crazy idea man. And people love Tesla.
特斯拉被认为是一名有远见的科学家，总是有疯狂的想法。大家都爱特斯拉。
I mean, there are people who name their companies after him.
你看，还有人把自己公司也叫这个名字。
The other person there is Edison, who is actually often vilified for being kind of pedestrian and is
另一个人是爱迪生，经常被嘲讽说他是一个单调乏味的人，而且，
I mean, his most famous quote is, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration."
他最有名的一句话就是，“天才是1%的灵感加上99%的汗水。”
And I'm in the Edison camp, even if people don't always like him.
而我是爱迪生一派的，尽管人们经常讨厌他。
Because if you actually compare the two, Tesla has kind of this mind grab these days, but who actually changed the world?
如果你比较一下这两位，特斯拉很能抓眼球，但真正改变世界的是谁？
Edison may not have been a nice person, he did a lot of things -- he was maybe not so intellectual, not so visionary.
爱迪生也许不是个讨喜的人，但他做了很多事--他也许没那么天才，不是那么有远见。
But I think I'm more of an Edison than a Tesla.
我觉得自己更像爱迪生而不是特斯拉。
So our theme at TED this week is dreams -- big, bold, audacious dreams. You're really the antidote to that.
TED大会这一周的主题是梦想--宏伟、大胆的梦想。而你却像碎梦人。
I'm trying to dial it down a bit, yes.
我会试着收敛一些。
That's good. We embrace you, we embrace you.
太好了。我们接受你，我们爱你。
Companies like Google and many others have made, arguably, like, billions of dollars out of your software. Does that piss you off?
谷歌和其他许多公司使用你的软件，挣了非常多的钱。你会觉得不爽吗？
No. No, it doesn't piss me off for several reasons.
不会。原因有很多。
And one of them is, I'm doing fine. I'm really doing fine.
其中一个原因是，我过得不错。真心不错。
But the other reason is -- I mean, without doing the whole open source and really letting go thing, Linux would never have been what it is.
另一个原因就是--如果我不将它开源，而过于纠结的话，Linux就不会发展成今天这样。
And it's brought experiences I don't really enjoy, public talking, but at the same time, this is an experience. Trust me.
而且Linux让我有了许多经历，尽管我不喜欢，比如在公开场合讲话，但同时，这也是一种历练。相信我。
So there's a lot of things going on that make me a very happy man and thinking I did the right choices.
很多事情让我成为了一个快乐的人，我觉得当初的选择没有错。
Is the open source idea -- this is, I think we'll end here -- is the open source idea fully realized now in the world,
开源软件这个想法--我想这是最后一个话题--开源软件这个想法已经在全世界实现了吗？
or is there more that it could go, are there more things that it could do?
还是说还有潜力可挖，还有很多可以做的？
So, I'm of two minds there.
我有两个想法。
I think one reason open source works so well in code is that at the end of the day, code tends to be somewhat black and white.
我认为开源软件如此成功的原因之一在于，归根结底，代码是一个非黑即白的事情。
There's often a fairly good way to decide, this is done correctly and this is not done well.
我们有非常明确的方法来分辨，一段代码是行还是不行。
Code either works or it doesn't, which means that there's less room for arguments.
代码要么运行成功，要么失败，这就意味着没什么可争议的。
And we have arguments despite this, right?
我们有很多争议，不是吗？
In many other areas -- I mean, people have talked about open politics and things like that
在其他许多领域--人们探讨过公开政治和其他类似的事情
and it's really hard sometimes to say that, yes,
有时候真的很难去说，没错，
you can apply the same principles in some other areas just because the black and white turns into not just gray, but different colors.
你可以在其他领域也采取同样的原则，因为在那些地方不是非黑即白的，有灰色，也有其他颜色。
So, obviously open source in science is making a comeback. Science was there first.
因此，科学界的开源显然是一种回归。科学最初是开源的。
But then science ended up being pretty closed, with very expensive journals and some of that going on.
但之后变得越来越封闭，只存在那些昂贵的科学期刊上。
And open source is making a comeback in science, with things like arXiv and open journals.
开源让科学回归了，我们有了arXiv和开放期刊。
Wikipedia changed the world, too. So there are other examples, I'm sure there are more to come.
维基百科也改变了世界。还有其他许多例子，我觉得未来还会有更多。
But you're not a visionary, and so it's not up to you to name them.
但你不是个有远见的人，这些事跟你没啥关系。
No. It's up to you guys to make them, right?
当然。得靠你们去实现了，对吗？
Exactly. Linus Torvalds, thank you for Linux, thank you for the Internet, thank you for all those Android phones.
没错。林纳斯·托瓦兹，谢谢你的Linux，谢谢你为互联网做的一切，谢谢你为安卓手机做的一切。
Thank you for coming here to TED and revealing so much of yourself. Thank you.
谢谢你来参加TED大会，让我们更加了解你。谢谢。