Have you ever heard someone say shoulda? “Oh yeah, I shoulda done that!”
你是否曾听过有人说“shoulda”？“Oh yeah，I shoulda done that！”
What's it mean? In this American English pronunciation video, you're going to learn about shoulda, woulda, coulda.
这是什么意思？在这节美式英语发音视频中，你将会学习关于shoulda，woulda，coulda的发音。
'Shoulda' is a reduction of 'should have'.
“shoulda”是“should have”的缩略形式。
I made a video years ago about dropping the H in words like 'have' – we do it all the time in spoken American English.
几年前我录制过一个关于省略“have”这类词中的H的视频，美式英语中我们经常这样。
But in 'shoulda', we're going a lot further than just dropping the H.We're reducing the AA vowel to the schwa, and we're dropping the V sound.
但是在“shoulda”中，我们不只是省略H。我们把元音AA弱读成弱元音，并且省略掉V的音。
All we're left with is the schwa, uh (loop two times). Shoulda, woulda, coulda.
我们剩下的只有弱元音uh（循环两次）。Shoulda，woulda，coulda.
Note that the L is silent in these words, and they all have the UH vowel, as in 'book', where the lips flare a little bit and there's some tension in the back of the tongue as it lifts a bit.
注意这些单词中的“L”是不发音的，并且他们都有和“book”中一样的元音UH，嘴唇微微撅起，舌头微抬，后部拉紧。
Uh, should, uh, would, uh, could. Shoulda, woulda, coulda.
Uh，should，uh，would，uh，could. Shoulda，woulda，coulda.
Let's look at some sentences.I shoulda been there. You coulda been hurt! I shoulda seen it coming.
我们来看一些句子。你本应该在那儿。你可能受伤了！我本应该看到它过来了。
I woulda been there. We coulda tried harder. I woulda thought so.
我会在那儿的。我们应该更加努力。我本来也是这样想的。
Sometimes I pronounce these words like this, all the way reduced, and sometimes I make a light V sound, vv (loop three times).
有时候我用完全省略的方式略读，有时候我会发出轻微的V音，vv（循环三次）
There's no reason why I do it one way or another, I just know that I do, and you'll probably hear it both ways.
两种不同的发音没有特别的原因，我就是这么做了，你也两种方法都有可能听到。
Now, you don't want to try to write them this way, but speaking? Yes, do it. These reductions sound like natural American English.
你并不想这么写，只想这么说？没问题。这些略读听起来就像纯正美式发音。
Shoulda, woulda coulda. (loop two times) these three words together is a phrase we sometimes use to say 'oh well'.
Shoulda，woulda coulda.（循环两次）这三个单词连在一起是一个词组，我们有时会用来表示“哦，好吧”。
Man, I wish I had bought Apple stock ten years ago. -Shoulda, woulda, coulda.Bonus: Let's learn the negative too: Should not have.
伙计，我真希望十年前我买了苹果的股票。-哦，好吧。额外福利：我们也来学习一下否定：Should not have.
Americans will say this: shouldn-uh (loop two times). Drop the word 'not' and just make an N sound.
美国人会这么说：shouldn-uh （循环两次）。省略单词“not”只发出N的音。
So it's going to sound like two or three syllables, depending on how fast you transition from D to N: shouldn't-uh (loop two times).
所以根据你从D过渡到N的快慢，可以发出两个或三个音节。shouldn’t-uh（循环两次）

Right after 'should', hold out an N: shouldnnnnn.The tongue position for D and N is almost the same. Shouldnnnnnnnnnn-uh.
should后面，发出一个长的N音：shouldnnnnn。D和N舌头的位置几乎是一样的，Shouldnnnnnnnnnn-uh。
Then just release the tongue to make the schwa. Shouldn-uh (loop two times).This is the same for couldn't have, couldna, and wouldn't have, wouldna.
然后释放舌头发出弱元音。Shouldn-uh（循环两次）“couldn’t have”和“wouldn’t have”的发音同样如此。
Let's look at some example sentences.
我们来看一些例子。
Shouldn't have, shouldna. I shouldn't have said that. I'm sorry. It shouldn't have started already. Shouldna.
不应该，应该。我不应该那样说。对不起。它本来应该还没有开始。应该。
Couldn't have, couldna. You couldn't have known. We couldn't have made it anyway. Couldna (loop two times).
不能，能。你本不该知道的。无论如何，我们本不该做这个。能（循环两次）
Wouldn't have, wouldna. I wouldn't have said that. It wouldn't have mattered. Wouldna (loop two times).
Wouldn’t have，wouldna.我本来就没那样说过。本来应该没关系的。Wouldna （循环两次）
I hope you'll now be more comfortable identifying these phrases when you hear them, and reducing them yourself in conversation.
我希望现在你听到这些词组的时候能更容易分辨，并且在自己的对话中进行略读。
If there's a word or phrase you'd like help pronouncing, please put it in the comments below.
如果你有单词或者词组的发音需要帮助，请在下面评论。
Don't forget to sign up for my mailing list by clicking here or in the description below to keep up with all my latest videos – it's free.
不要忘记点击这里或者下面的描述免费订阅我的邮件，关注我最新的视频。
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
这次的学习就到这里，非常感谢使用Rachel's English。