演讲文本

Herschel helped by making tidal observations off the coast of South Africa,
赫歇尔帮助在南非海岸建立了潮汐观察站，
and, as he complained to Whewell,
有一次，他向胡威立抱怨，
he was knocked off the docks during a violent high tide for his trouble.
他有一次因为失误而在码头被一个大浪冲倒了。
The four men really helped each other in every way.
这四个人真的做到了相互帮助。
They also relentlessly lobbied the British government for the money to build Babbage's engines
他们不知疲倦的游说英国政府拨款建造巴贝奇的差分机
because they believed these engines would have a huge practical impact on society.
因为他们相信这些引擎能够对社会产生非常大的积极影响。
In the days before pocket calculators, the numbers that most professionals needed
在没有电子计算器的年代，很多行业需要用到数据
bankers, insurance agents, ship captains, engineers, were to be found in lookup books like this, filled with tables of figures.
银行家、保险代理人、船长、工程师都只能通过这样的大部头书中查找，书里面是预先计算好的各种数字表格。

These tables were calculated using a fixed procedure over and over
这些表格都是由一些临时工--被称作“人工计算机”--
by part-time workers known as -- and this is amazing -- computers,
依据固定的计算过程一遍一遍算出来的，
but these calculations were really difficult.
但是这些计算真的很复杂。
I mean, this nautical almanac published the lunar differences for every month of the year.
例如这份航海历就计算了一年中每个月份的月相差异。
Each month required 1,365 calculations, so these tables were filled with mistakes.
每个月都需要1365个计算结果，所以这些表格里面错误重重。
Babbage's difference engine was the first mechanical calculator devised to accurately compute any of these tables.
巴贝奇的差分机是第一个能够用来精确计算表格中任何结果的机器。
Two models of his engine were built in the last 20 years
二十年前，伦敦科学博物馆的
by a team from the Science Museum of London using his own plans.
一个团队根据他的图纸建造了两台差分机。
This is the one now at the Computer History Museum in California, and it calculates accurately. It actually works.
图中这个现在位于加州计算机历史博物馆，它现在仍可精确进行计算。它实际还是可以使用的。

视频及简介

演讲简介：

1812年，四位学者在在剑桥大学一起吃了一顿早餐。一次影响至今的科学革命就这样开始了。这四个人——在“科学家”一词出现之前自称“自然哲学家”——将四个基本原则引入科学领域。哲学家、历史学家劳拉·斯奈德（Laura Snyder）讲述了他们这段奇妙的故事。