就职演讲
[00:00.00]Fellow_Citizens:
[00:01.08]同胞们：
[00:02.16]I shall not attempt to describe the grateful emotions which the new and very distinguished proof of the confidence of my fellow_citizens,
[00:05.72]我不应试图描述那由这全新而非凡的国民信心之证明，由我的再次当选而展示的这一高度信任。
[00:09.29]evinced by my reelection to this high trust,has excited in my bosom.
[00:11.93]在我的胸中激起的感激之情，
[00:14.58]The approbation which it announces of my conduct in the preceding term affords me a consolation which I shall profoundly feel through life.
[00:19.04]对我上一任期的赞许让我欣慰并终身难以忘怀。
[00:23.51]The general accord with which it has been expressed adds to the great and never_ceasing obligations which it imposes.
[00:27.49]普遍共识的表达增加了它所赋予的伟大而永不终止的责任。
[00:31.46]To merit the continuance of this good opinion,and to carry it with me into my retirement as the solace of advancing years,
[00:35.26]要值得让人保持这些观点，要把它带到我的隐退之年而作为时代推移的安慰，
[00:39.06]will be the object of my most zealous and unceasing efforts.
[00:41.44]将是我最热情的目的和无休止的努力。
[00:43.81]I have never dreaded,nor have I ever shunned,
[00:45.59]我从未惧怕，也永不逃避，
[00:47.38]in any situation in which I have been placed making appeals to the virtue and patriotism of my fellow_citizens,
[00:50.35]在我所处的任何情况下来呼吁我的同胞们的美德和爱国精神，
[00:53.32]well knowing that they could never be made in vain,especially in times of great emergency or for purposes of high national importance.
[00:57.74]我熟知它们不能被徒然做出，特别是在非常紧急之时或是出于国家重要性的崇高目的。
[01:02.17]Independently of the exigency of the case,
[01:03.49]独立于此例的紧急性之外，
[01:04.80]many considerations of great weight urge a policy having in view a provision of revenue to meet to a certain extent the demands of the nation,
[01:09.26]许多重要的考虑强烈要求一个关于提供税收的政策以在一定范围内满足国家的需要，
[01:13.73]without relying altogether on the precarious resource of foreign commerce.
[01:16.19]而非完全依靠不安全的外国商贸资源。
[01:18.66]I am satisfied that internal duties and excises,with corresponding imposts on foreign articles of the same kind,would,
[01:22.40]我很满意国内税收，以同样相应的费用加大外国的同类产品上，
[01:26.15]without imposing any serious burdens on the people,enhance the price of produce,
[01:28.97]将在不会造成任何严重的人民负担的情况下，稳固生产价钱，
[01:31.80]promote our manufactures,and augment the revenue,
[01:33.67]提高我们的制造业，增大税收，
[01:35.54]at the same time that they made it more secure and permanent.
[01:37.51]同时它们使之更安全和长久。
[01:39.47]If we turn our attention,fellow_citizens,more immediately to the internal concerns of our country,
[01:42.56]同胞们，如果我把我们的注意力更直接的转移到我们国家的内部事务中，
[01:45.66]and more especially to those on which its future welfare depends,we have every reason to anticipate the happiest results.
[01:49.73]特别是那些未来国家福利所依赖的方面，我们有任何理由来期待最美满的结果。
[01:53.80]It is now rather more than forty_four years since we declared our independence ,
[01:55.97]现在离我们宣布独立已有四十四年，
[01:58.15]and thirty_seven since it was acknowledged.
[01:59.88]离我们被认可已有三十七年。
[02:01.61]The talents and virtues which were displayed in that great struggle were a sure presage of all that has since followed.
[02:05.12]在那场伟大的斗争中所展示的天资和美德无疑已经预示了其后发生的一切。
[02:08.63]A people who were able to surmount in their infant state such great perils would be more competent as they rose into manhood to repel any which they might meet in their progress.
[02:13.96]一个能够在其摇篮时代克服如此苦难的人民将在他们进入成熟年代时更有竞争力来排除他们前进道路上的一切。
[02:19.28]Their physical strength would be more adequate to foreign danger,and the practice of self_government,
[02:21.98]他们的自然力量将足以对付外来危险；自治政府的实践，
[02:24.68]aided by the light of experience,could not fail to produce an effect equally salutary on all those questions connected with the internal organization.
[02:29.29]辅以经验指导，定会生成在所有那些和内部组织相关问题的一个有益的效果。
[02:33.90]These favorable anticipations have been realized.
[02:35.68]这些有利的期望已被实现。
[02:37.46]In our whole system,national and State,
[02:38.89]在我们的整个体系中，无论是国家的还是州立的，
[02:40.31]we have shunned all the defects which unceasingly preyed on the vitals and destroyed the ancient Republics.
[02:43.19]我们已避免了所有那些不停地危及利害，颠覆古代共和国的缺陷。
[02:46.07]In them there were distinct orders,a nobility and a people,
[02:48.34]它们中有明显的不同制度：或是一个贵族和一个民众，
[02:50.60]or the people governed in one assembly.
[02:51.92]或是由一个议会来管理民众。
[02:53.23]Thus,in the one instance there was a perpetual conflict between the orders in society for the ascendency,
[02:56.60]这样，在一个情况下社会的各阶级之间存在着无休止的冲突，
[02:59.96]in which the victory of either terminated in the overthrow of the government and the ruin of the state;
[03:02.66]其中任何一方的胜利都会造成推翻政府和国家覆亡；
[03:05.36]in the other,in which the people governed in a body,
[03:07.18]而在另一个情况下，人民由一个政体来统治，
[03:09.00]and whose dominions seldom exceeded the dimensions of a county in one of our States,
[03:11.52]而且其领土极少超过我们某个州的一个县的大小，
[03:14.04]a tumultuous and disorderly movement permitted only a transitory existence.
[03:16.65]喧闹而混乱的运动只允许一个短暂的生存。
[03:19.26]In this great nation there is but one order,that of the people,whose power,
[03:21.96]在我们这一伟大的国家只有一个制度，人民的制度；
[03:24.66]by a peculiarly happy improvement of the representative principle,is transferred from them,
[03:27.22]通过一个对代表制度非常完善的改进，按自由，开明，高效的政府的需要。
[03:29.77]without impairing in the slightest degree their sovereignty,to bodies of their own creation,
[03:32.56]他们的权利完全地被转移到他们自己所创立的多个政体，
[03:35.35]and to persons elected by themselves,in the full extent necessary for all the purposes of free,enlightened and efficient government.
[03:39.10]和他们选出的人员中，而没有丝毫损害他们的主权。
[03:42.84]The whole system is elective,the complete sovereignty being in the people,
[03:45.45]整个体制以选举为基础，主权彻底属于人民，
[03:48.06]and every officer in every department deriving his authority from and being responsible to them for his conduct.
[03:51.80]而且每个部门的每个官员的权力都来自于他们，并要对他们负责其行为举止。
[03:55.55]Our career has correspon with this great outline.
[03:57.42]我们的事业和这一宏伟的大纲相一致。
[03:59.29]Perfection in our organization could not have been expected in the outset either in the National or State Governments or in tracing the line between their respective powers.
[04:04.22]不能期望一开始在国家或州立的政府中，或是在它们各自权力之间的界线追溯中就完善我们的组织。
[04:09.16]But no serious conflict has arisen,nor any contest but such as are managed by argument and by a fair appeal to the good sense of the people,
[04:13.96]但是，我们没有严重的冲突，也没有任何纷争；而且这些可通过辨论处理，也通过公正地求助于民众的理智来解决。
[04:18.77]and many of the defects which experience had clearly demonstrated in both Governments have been remedied,
[04:21.95]并且我们也医治了许多以往经历中以上两种政府所显示出的缺点。
[04:25.14]By steadily pursuing this course in this spirit there is every reason to believe that our system will soon attain the highest degree of perfection of which human institutions are capable,
[04:30.40]通过坚定地以此精神实行此路线，我们完全有理由相信，我们的体制将很快达到人类机构所可能达到的最高程度的完善，
[04:35.65]and that the movement in all its branches will exhibit such a degree of order and harmony as to command the admiration and respect of the civilized world.
[04:40.26]并且，其所有分部的发展将展示一定程度的条理和谐调，以致引来文明世界的羡慕和尊敬。
[04:44.87]Entering with these views the office which I have just solemnly sworn to execute with fidelity and to the utmost of my ability,
[04:47.95]带着这些想法，即将进入我刚庄严宣誓要以忠心并尽我所能来履行的职责，
[04:51.02]I derive great satisfaction from a knowledge that I shall be assisted in the several Departments by the very enlightened and upright citizens from whom I have received so much aid in the preceding term.
[04:56.59]我因确信我将在多个部门中得到一组非常开明和正直的公民的辅助而感到非常满意。我的前任已给了我很多帮助。
[05:02.15]With full confidence in the continuance of that candor and generous indulgence from my fellow_citizens at large which I have heretofore experienced,
[05:06.49]完全相信我至今为止所受到的同胞们普遍的坦诚和慷慨宽容会延续下去，
[05:10.82]and with a firm reliance on the protection of Almighty God.
[05:12.55]并坚定地依靠全能上帝的保护，
[05:14.28]I shall forthwith commence the duties of the high trust to which you have called me.
[05:16.69]现在我就将开始你们召唤我上任的被赋予如此高度信任的职务。
总统介绍
詹姆斯·门罗（James Monroe 1758.4.28——1831.7.4），美国资产阶级民主派，美国第5任总统，美国对拉美政策的主要奠基人,即门罗主义的制订人。1758年4月28日，门罗出生于弗吉尼亚州的韦斯特木兰郡的门罗滨。门罗的父亲是一个种植园主。门罗小时候在家乡读书，16岁进入弗吉尼亚威廉斯堡的威廉—玛丽学院附中读书。
　　门罗生活的时代，正是英国在北美统治处于风雨飘摇的时代。弗吉尼亚正是这场风暴的中心。北美人民反对英国殖民统治的斗争深深地影响了青年时期的门罗。1776年门罗弃笔从戎，参加到反英斗争的第一线。
　　入伍后，门罗经历了多次战役，屡立战功，受到华盛顿的赏识。华盛顿盛赞他是“在各种情况下，都维护了一个勇敢、积极和明智的军官的名誉”。1780年托马斯·杰斐逊任命他为弗吉尼亚的军事特派员，军衔是中校。就在那时，他开始追随后来对他影响极大的杰斐逊。1782年，年仅24岁的门罗当选为弗吉尼亚州的众议员，并兼任州行政会议的成员，参与州内重大事务的决策。
　　1783至1786年，门罗当选为美国邦联国会议员，先后参加第四﹑第五和第六次大陆会议，向大会提出促进美国经济发展的重要提案，成为当时政坛上一个活跃人物。从1786年到1790年当选为参议院议员的五年间，他在弗吉尼亚州弗雷德里克堡当律师。就在这时他成为杰斐逊的主要副手。法国大革命后，法美关系一度紧张，华盛顿为改善两国关系派门罗为驻法大使。门罗赴法后，受到法国国民公会的热情接待,但却引起国内联邦派的不满。1797年他被调回国内。门罗与联邦派就美国对外政策进行辩论，取得胜利，从此声名大震。1799年，他当选为弗吉尼亚州长。平息了一场奴隶反叛，并促进了教育的发展。在1800年的总统竞选中门罗为了杰斐逊的当选立下了汗马功劳。杰斐逊当选为美国总统后，门罗被任命为特使，前往法国协助驻法公使办理向法国购买路易斯安那。随后，门罗又被任命为驻英公使。
　　1810年，他再次当选为弗吉尼亚长官。不久，他又被麦迪逊总统任命为国务卿。1812年英美爆发了战争，史称第二次独立战争。1814年，门罗被任命为陆军部长，负责对英作战。在门罗的努力下，美国有效地抵御了英军的侵犯。门罗的政治声望大为提高，1816年，他当选为美国总统。1821年他再次当选为总统。卸任后，门罗回到家乡。1826年，他与杰斐逊和麦迪逊被选为弗吉尼亚大学的校董。1831年7月4日，他病死于纽约。
　　詹姆斯·门罗当政时的美国和平稳定、繁荣昌盛、版图扩大，因而赢得了“和谐时代”的美名。同时，詹姆斯门罗也是一位卓越的外交家，对美利坚合众国的外交事业主要体现于他的《就职演说辞》和《门罗宣言》中。作为杰斐逊的门徒，他承继和发展前任者们主要是杰斐逊的的外交思想，形成了美国外交史现.