改错练习

Healthy adults take approximately 10-14 breaths per minute, but some people breathe 20 or more times-this can lead to feeling out of breath and a range of other symptoms such as tingling in the fingers and around the lips, heart palpitations, tiredness, inability to concentrate on and irritable bowel syndrome, explains Fiona Troup, a physiotherapist at Six Physio in London.(1)____
The symptoms are a sign you're breathing through the mouth instead of doing deeper breathing through the nose.(2)____ This leads a fall in carbon dioxide levels in the blood-as a result of, oxygen can't be released to the muscles and organs.(3)____
This causes muscle spasms, often in the colon where can exacerbate or lead to IBS: meanwhile if the brain is derived of sufficient oxygen levels, it can cause confusion and dizziness.(4)____(5)____
"Fast breathing is basically a bad habit, often results from period of elevated stress, back or neck pain, emotional trauma or surgery," says Ms Troup.(6)____(7)____ One seminal study suggested as many as 10 per cent of those attending general practice suffered this problem.(8)____ Over-breathing, as it is known, shouldn't have any long-term health implications, says Stephen Spiro, professor of respiratory medicine at University College London Hospitals and deputy chair of the British Lung Foundation. Therefore, rapid breathing and breathless can be a sign of lung disease, particularly asthma and bronchitis. With these conditions, the airways in the lungs narrow, so it's physically harder for the air to travel in and out.(9)____(10)____

答案解析
文章大意
本文讨论的是呼吸频率与健康。呼吸频率与我们的身体健康息息相关。一个健康的成年人每分钟呼吸10-14次，而有些人每分钟呼吸20次，甚至更多。呼吸过快是我们健康状况不良的信号之一，它会带来一系列身体不适的反应，这些反应是由于我们呼吸过浅，过短，血液内的二氧化碳下降，氧气无法释放到肌肉和组织中造成的。另外，呼吸过快还可能是肺部疾病的征兆之一。
答案详解
1．on→on词汇错误。concentrate on意思为“集中精力于……”，当concentrate之后没有接宾语时，应去掉介词on，意为“集中精力”。
2．leads∧→to词汇错误。lead单独作动词时，表示“领导；领先”的意思。词组lead to则意为“导致”。此处是指上句提到的“用口腔呼吸而不是通过鼻子深呼吸”会导致血液内二氧化碳水平的下降。故应在leads后加上to。
3．of→of词汇错误。短语as a result意为“作为结果；因此”，一般单独使用，前后用逗号隔开。as a result of表原因，意为“由于；作为……的结果”，后面须接名词性的单词或短语。此处应该删掉of。
4．where→which语法错误。此处colon后接的从句是定语从句。从该定语从句的意思和结构来看，引导词充当从訇的主语，其先行词是muscle spasms，而不是in the colon。所以应该选用关系代词，而不是关系副词，而此处定语从句和它所修饰的词之间用逗号分开了，故选择关系代词which。整个句子意为“这经常会在结肠内引起肌肉痉挛，并进一步加剧和导致腑易激综合症”。
5．derived→deprived词汇错误。此题考查形近词的辨析。derive常与from搭配，表示“从……获得；源自”的意思，be deprived of意为“被剥夺……，被夺去……”，此处要表达的意思是“如果大脑缺乏足够的氧气，就会导致混乱和眩晕”，故选择deprived。
6．∧often→and或results→resulting语法错误。此处逗号之后的部分并不是一个完整的句子，所以可以在逗号之后加上and使前后句成为一个享有共同主语fast breathing的并列句，或者将results改为resulting，使后句变成现在分词短语作状语。
7．period→periods语法错误。名词的单数形式通常不会单独使用，一般应加上一定的限定词，修饰词或者以名词的复数形式出现，而此处要表达的意思是“呼吸过快经常来自于周期性的压力升高，颈部或背部的疼痛，精神创伤或手术”，所以应该选用period的复数形式，表示“周期性”。
8．suffered∧→from词汇错误。当表示“患有（疾病等）”或者“长期地或习惯性受痛苦”时，suffer作不及物动词，用在suffer from的结构中，故补上介词from。
9．Therefore→However语篇错误。前一句提到“过度呼吸”不会暗示长期性的健康同题，而此句则说“呼吸过快”可能是肺部疾病的征兆之一。故这两句之间是转折关系，而不是因果关系，应选择连接词However。
10．breathless→breathlessness语法错误。这里应选用一个名词性的词，与rapid breathing共同构成句子的主语，故用breathless的名词形式breathlessness。