专八改错训练附讲解100篇:Passage 72
日期:2016-04-29 18:01

(单词翻译:单击)

改错练习

The government' s continuing failure to address our nation’ s gut-wrenching unemployment stems from a fundamental disagreement over how jobs are created in the first place.

We are now in the third year of policies predicated on the assumption that government spending creates jobs. We have been squandered three years and trillions of dollars of the nation’s wealth on such policies, and they have not worked so they cannot
work。(1)____(2)____ Government cannot inject a single dollar into the economy if it has first taken that same dollar out of the economy.(3)____
True, we can see the job that is saved or created when the government puts that dollar back into the economy. That we can't see clearly are the jobs that are destroyed or prevented from forming because government has first taken that dollar out of the economy.(4)____ We see those millions of lost jobs in a chronic unemployment rate and a stagnating economy.

Government can transfer jobs from the production sector to the government sector by taking money from one and giving it to the other.(5)____ That's the heart of the president's plan to spend billions of dollars to hire more teachers and firefighters than police officers.(6)____7)____ But these temporal government jobs come at a steep price: every dollar spent on sustaining one of these jobs is a dollar taken from the same capital pool that would otherwise have been available to productive businesses to invest creating permanent jobs.(8)____(9)____(10)____

答案解析

文章大意
本文讨论的是美国就业。政府在解决失业问题上的持续失败首先源于对工作是如何创造的存在根本分歧。以通过政府花钱来创造工作为基础所制定的政策现在已经执行到了第三年,已经浪费了三年的时间和数万亿美元,但这些政策还没有奏效,在长期的失业率和停滞的经济中有数以百万人失业。政府把生产性行业的就业机会转移到政府部门,但这些临时工作是以高额的代价换来的:生产性企业本来可以用这些钱来创造稳定的工作。
答案详解
1.been→been语法错误。此句中have been squandered是现在完成时的被动语态,而squander与主语we之间是主动关系,故应该去掉been,此句的意思是“我们在此类政策上已经浪费了三年的时间和数万亿美元。”
2.so→because语篇错误。根据上下文语义判断,句间的逻辑关系应该是因果关系,前句说到“这些政策还没有奏效”,后句则说“他们不能奏效”,后者是前者的原因,而不是结果,故应改为表示原因的连词because。
3.if→until语篇错误。if引导条件状语从句,放在此处语义不通,根据上下文判断,inject a single dollar应该发生在take that same dollar out之前,二者是时间的先后关系,且前句用了否定词cannot,故应该用until构成not... until,表示“直到……才”。
4.That→What语法错误。此处是主语从句,引导词在从句中充当see的宾语,而that不能在主语从句中充当成分,故应改为关系代词What。
5.production→productive词汇错误。production sector指的是生产部门,通常是企业里负责生产的一个部门,放在此处不符合上下文语义,这里是相对于government sector“政府部门”而言的一个概念,应该是productive sector,表示“生产性行业”。此句的意思是“政府可以把生产性行业的就业机会转移到政府部门。”
6.That's∧→at词汇错误。at the heart of为固定搭配,意为“关键,核心”,此句的意思是“这是总统计划的核心。”
7.than→and词汇错误。此句前面出现了比较级more,但并不是将teachers and firefighters和police officers进行比较,三者是并列的关系。这里省略了比较对象,但其实是拿现在和以前相比,故应改为and,表达的意思是“雇佣更多的老师、消防员和警察。”
8.temporal→temporary词汇错误。temporal作形容词,表示“时间的;世俗的”,放在此处语义不通,temporary意为“暂时的,短暂的”,此句要表达的意思是“这些暂时性的政府部门工作是以高额的代价换来的。”故应该用temporary,符合上下文语义。
9.on→or(或on→in词汇错误。表示“在……上花费(时间、金钱等)”,常用句型spend...on sth.,介词on后接名词或代词;若表示“花费(时间、金钱等)做某事”,则常用句型spend...(in) doing sth.,此处是第 二种用法,介词in可以省略,也可以保留。
10.invest∧→in词汇错误。invest作及物动词,表示“投资(钱、时间等)”,invest in为固定搭配,表示“在……上投资”,此句的意思是“生产性企业本来可以用那些钱投入到创造稳定的工作当中。”
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