改错练习

Congested cities are fast becoming test tubes for scientists studying the impact of traffic fumes on the brain. As roadways choke on traffic, researchers suspect that the tailpipe exhausted from cars and trucks-especially tiny carbon particles already implicated heart disease, cancer and respiratory ailments-may also injure brain cells the key to leaming and memory.(1)____(2)____(3)____ New public-health studies and laboratory experiments suggest that, at every stage of life, traffic fumes exact a measuring toll on mental capacity, intelligence and emotional stability.(4)____
Children in areas affected by high levels of emissions, on average, scored more poor on intelligence tests and were more prone to depression, anxiety and attention problems than children growing in cleaner air, separate research teams in New York, Boston, Bejjing, and Krakow, Poland, found.(5)____(6)____ And older men and women long exposing to higher levels of traffic-related particles and ozone had memory and reasoning problems effectively added five years to her mental age, other university researchers in Boston reported this year.(7)____(8)____(9)____ The emissions may also height the risk of Alzheimer's disease and speed the effects of Parkinson's disease.(10)____
"The evidence is growing that air pollution can affect the brain," says medical epidemiologist Heather Volk at USC's Keck School of Medicine. "We may be starting to realize the effects are broader than we realized."
文章大意
本文讨论的是汽车尾气的危害。如今的交通越来越拥堵，研究人员怀疑，各类轿车和卡车释放的尾气，特别是已经被证明会造成心脏病、癌症和呼吸道疾病的碳微粒，可能还会伤害对学习和记忆起关键作用的脑细胞。最新的公共卫生研究和实验室实验表明，在生命的每个阶段，汽车废气都会对人的心智能力、智力和情感稳定能力造成一定程度的损害。

答案解析
答案详解
1．exhausted→exhaust词汇错误。exhaust作动词表示“耗尽，使疲惫”，作名词表示“废气”。exhausted可以作为过去分词放在tailpipe（排气管）之后充当后置定语，但表示的含义与上下文不符，故应改为名词exhaust，表示“从轿车和卡车排气管所释放的废气”。
2．implicated∧→in语法错误。implicated在此处作后置定语修饰前面的carbon particles，意思是“特别是已经被证明会造成心脏病、癌症和呼吸道疾病的碳微粒”。根据上下文可知implicate在此处表示“牵连，涉及”，当表示这个含义时，通常与介词in搭配，表示“涉及到”。
3．the→the词汇错误。本句意为“研究人员怀疑，各类轿车和卡车释放的尾气可能还会伤害对学习和记忆起关键作用的脑细胞”，此处key不是名词，而是形容词作后置定语修饰前面的brain cells，意思是“关键的”，因此此处应删掉定冠词the。
4．measuring→measurable词汇错误。measuring表不“测量的”，本句是说“实验表明，在生命的每个阶段，汽车废气都会对人的心智能力、智力和情感稳定状况造成一定程度的损害。”所以与“测量”无关，应该用形容词measurable表示“可测量的，相当的，重大的”。
5．poor→poorly语法错误。此处poor是用来修饰scored，而根据上下文可知，scored在此处是动词，表示“得分”，因此应该改用副词poorly修饰动词。
6．growing→up词汇错误。grow up为固定搭配，表示“成长，长大”，常与人搭配，此处意为“生长于较干净空气环境下的儿童”。grow单独用时也可表示“生长，发育”，不过主要是指动植物。
7．exposing→exposed词汇错误。be exposed to是固定用法，表示“暴露于……”，此处作后置定语，修饰older men and women，直接用过去分词短语就行，故应该把exposing改咸exposed。
8．added→that/which或added。adding语法错误。本句是定语从句，先行词memory and reasoning problems在定语从句中充当主语，故关系代词不能省略，应加上that或which。另外也可以把added改成adding，作后置定语修饰problems。
9．her→their语法错误。此处指代的是本句的主语older men and women，故应改为表示复数意义的人称代词their。
10．height→heighten词汇错误。此处height在句中作谓语，应该用其动词形式heighten，意思是“汽车废气也可能增加患老年痴呆症(Alzheimer's disease）的风险，并加快帕金森氏症(Parkinson's disease）的恶化。”