改错练习

Stopping cigarette smoking has become a big problem for all governments. In democratic countries, the economic strength of the tobacco industry is such great that measures taken by governments to protect the rights of non-smokers cannot be applied efficiently.(1)____(2)____ In some undemocratic countries, on the other hand, governments cannot be trusted and they lack the motivation to deal with the problem. However under any political system, social conditioning and chemical habit make banning tobacco a formidable task and one that would take a long time.(3)____(4)____
Yet, current information campaigns are failing as worldwide
use increases faster than the population. Totally banning cigarette smoking so far as has been unsuccessful in all countries.(5)____ An alternative approach includes neither the prohibition of smoking in the workplace and public buildings or the strict limitation of smoking to specific areas.(6)____(7)____ This movement may be the greatest success of the information campaign against tobacco. Its leaders insist that despite the continued sale, advertising, and use of tobacco, non-smokers have every right to be exposed to the carcinogens, carbon monoxide, and irritants in tobacco smoke.(8)____
Such a campaign can have three important effects. First of all, by banning the use of tobacco from places that non-smokers would be exposed, thousands of lives may be saved. Second, by forcing smokers to give up their habit while in the presence of non-smokers will provide them with an added force to quit.(9)____(10)____ And third, by stigmatizing tobacco use as dangerous and antisocial, the campaign for non-smokers' rights can accomplish a goal of all anti-smoking information campaigns: to make smoking socially unattractive.

答案解析

文章大意
本文讨论的是禁烟运动。禁烟是一个令所有政府头痛的难题，这不仅是个难以解决的任务，而且执行、完成起来也需要很长的时间。全面禁烟在全世界都没有取得成功，但是在工作场合、公共场合或某些特定场合实行禁烟是个不错的方法。文章最后还提到禁烟运动的三个重要影响。
答案详解
1．such→so词汇错误。由后面的that可以推测此处是用so...that的句型，表示“太……以致……”，so后边接形容词或副词。本句意为“烟草行业的经济实力如此强大以致政府用来保护不吸烟人群的措施无法得到有效应用”。such.that作“如此……以致……”解时，such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带），由此可知，此处应改成so。
2．efficiently→effectively词汇错误。efficiently意为“高效地”，effectively意为“有效地”。由开头句“禁烟是个大难题”可知，此处“高效”的标准应该还达不到，而是指“有效地应用”，故该选用effectively。
3．However→And语篇错误。上文提出，“从另一方面来说，在非民主国家，政府不被信任，也缺乏处理这个问题的动机”，紧接着分析了“在任何政治体系中，社会条件以及对烟草中化学物质的习惯性成瘾使得禁烟成为一个难以解决的任务……”。两个句子间应该是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以这里应该用And。
4．habit→habituation词汇错误。此处and连接两个名词，habit意思为“习惯，习性”，这里与chemical搭配，语义不明。habituation表示“成瘾，对（麻醉品）的适应”，放在此处符合上下文语义，表示“对烟草中化学物质的习惯成瘾”。
5．as→as词汇错误。so far as意为“只要；达到……的程度”，so far意为“到目前为止”，常与完成时搭配。根据此句含义“到目前为止，全面禁烟在所有国家都没有取得胜利”，此处应该删掉as，表示“到目前为 止，迄今”。
6．neither→either词汇错误。either和下文中的or形成搭配，意思为“或者……或者……”，neither...nor...的意思为“既不……也不……”。此句表示“在工作场合、公共场合或某些特定场合实行禁烟是个不错的选择”。
7．specific→specified词汇错误。两个词都有“特定的” 的意思。不过specific更侧重于指事情内容“具体的，确切的”，而specified则表示“指定的”，这里与areas搭配更适合，表示“某些指定场所”，所以应该选用specified。
8．(right) ∧to→not或exposed→unexposed语篇错误。全文都是讲禁烟，这里对于非烟民而言，应该是有权“不使”自己暴露于这样的环境中，所以应该增加一个否定含义的词not，或可将exposed改为unexposed。
9．that→where语法错误。引导定语从句的关系代词that，可以作为从句中的主语、宾语等成分，但在此句中，从句所修饰的先行词places在从句中作地点状语，所以应该改为关系副词where。
10．by→by语法错误。by doing sth.表方式，在句子里充当状语成分，而本句中动名词短语forcing smokers to give up their habit是作主语，所以要将by删掉。