改错练习

Concerns a few years ago that students would be forced to use stimulants in the fight for class rank and honors thus seem to be exaggerating, but the reality is equally disturbing: a lifestyle running contrary to all the work habits that higher education stands for.(1)____ There' s an intriguing historic precedent at the origins of amphetamines.(2)____ Introduced in 1938 under the trademark Pervitin as the answer to American Benzedrin, they were less an imposition of Nazi authorities and military commanders but a popular coping mechanism for stressed wartime soldiers and civilians like, according to a study by Dutch historians of medicine.(3)____(4)____ Many students and professionals were described Pervitin for performance, but others took it recreationally.(5)____ And there was even an early intimation of the 1960s drug culture. The physician-writer Gottfried Benn wanted amphetamines to be used by infantrymen but by students, to develop the human brain to new levels-how lucky he was that he didn't live to see the decline of his ideals among undergraduates.(6)____
The trouble with considering policy for performance-enhancing use of drugs like Adderall is in what was already apparent in the 1930s: people use them for similar purposes, sometimes productively and sometimes disastrously, something German physicians called "the toxic equation."(7)____(8)____ But the contemporary American debate has alarming side not present at the beginning, the idea that performance-enhancement is "cheating." Does that mean drinking at Starbucks is doping?(9)____ It's a counterproductive argument so it assumes that these drugs work consistently and give users an organic advantage, as opposed to the placebo effect.(10)____ It's much better to address the patterns that lead to abuse.

答案解析
文章大意
本文讨论的是提高成绩的药物使用问题。前几年担忧学生为了争夺名次和荣誉而被迫使用兴奋剂似乎被夸大了，但现实社会中，生活方式与高等教育所支持的工作习惯完全相反，这一点租令人不安。许多学生和专业人才为提高成绩而服用Pewibn，而有人则服用它作为一种娱乐。考虑制定此类药物的使用政策早在30年代就遇到了麻烦，因为人们使用此类药物的目的各不相同。
答案详解
1．exaggerating→exaggerated语法错误。此句的主语concerns“担忧，担心”与谓语动词exaggerate之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词exaggerated。此句的意思是“几年前担忧学生为了争夺名次和荣誉而被迫使用兴奋剂似乎被夸大了”。
2．historic→historical词汇错误。historic意为“具有历史意义的”，historical意为“历史的，历史上的”，此处要表达的意思是“安非他明的起源有历史先例”， 故应改为historical．符舍上下文语义。
3．but→than词汇错误。此句前面出现了比较级less，这里应谈用than．此句意思是“安非他明不是纳粹统治者和指挥官强迫士兵服用的，而是很受战时压抑的士兵和市民欢迎的缓解压力的办法”。
4．like→alike词汇错误。like作介词，意为“像“，alike作副词，意为“同样地”，此处指士兵和市民都喜欢服用安非他明，放应该用alike，符合文中语义。
5．described→prescribed词汇错误。describe意为“描述”，prescribe意为“开处方”，此处指医生给很多学生和专业人士开了Pervitin这种药，故应该用prescribe，符合文意。
6．∧by→not词汇错误。此处用not... but...结构，表示“不是……而是……”，此句的意思是“Gottfried Benn想耍学生而不是步兵服用安非他明，以使大脑智力提高到新的水平。”
7．in→in语法错误。此处是表语从句，引导词what在从句中作主语，故不借要介词in。
8．similar→different语篇错误。根据上下文语义，人们使用药物有时候会取得很好的效果，有时候却有灾难性的后果．可见人们使用药物的目的应该各不相同，故应该把similar改为different。
9. ∧alarming→an词汇错误。此句的主语是debate，辩论一般都有两方，可以推断此处的商曲表示”一方，一边”，为可数名词，且在文中第一次出现，故应在形容词前面加上不定冠词an，意为“扰乱人心的一方”。
10．so→because语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，句间的逻辑关系为因果关系，主句提到这是一场事与愿违的辩论，后句说它认为这些药物持续有效，为使用者提供一种有机的优势，而不是一种安慰剂效用。后者是前者的原因，而不是结果，故应改为because。