改错练习

Funding public transit is one of the biggest problems facing cities today. Often the trouble is that a few high-cost low-ridership routes drag down an entire system. That puts policymakers in a tough spot. They might eliminate these unprofitable lines, that has been suggested before, but in doing so they would harm a considerate number of people who rely on that service as their primary mode of transportation.(1)____(2)____
Over at New Geography, Steve Lafleur revives the debate and argues that low fares are the part of the reason transit lines are struggling.(3)____ In response , he offers an admittedly "controversial" solution: "Transit should operate on a for profit basis and its prices should closely reflect market forces-if it means that transit fares increase.(4)____
The idea of increasing ridership by raising fares is not with some recent precedent.(5)____ Writing last week at The New York Times Opinionator blog,Lisa Margonelli point to a study from earlier this year comparing transit ridership in Germany and the United States.Over the same period of time. German transit agencies grew ridership while doing something similar in what Lafleur proposes-namely, increasing fares and slashing service.(6)____
More important than fare changes were the limits simultaneously imposed on car travel. While German transit agencies did their best to attract riders to a higher-quality service, the government implemented a number of policies that made driving "less conveniently and more costly".(7)____(8)____ In other words, high fares did lead to greater ridership on German transit, but only when coordinating with harsh automobile policies-not in isolation.(9)____(10)____

答案解析
文章大意
本文讨论的是城市公交资金紧缺。如今城市面临的最大问题就是公交系统资金紧缺。通常最头疼的就是少数高成本、低搭乘率的线路拖垮了整个系统，但政府如果撤销那些不营利的线路，将会损害大批乘客的利益。Steve Laileur指出票价太低是导致公交运营困难的部分原因，他建议提高公交票价、提高服务质量以赢得更多的乘客，这正是德国的做法，同时德国政府针对私家车制定了一系列限制政策，双管齐下，才能解决公交资金不足的问题。
答案详解
1．that→as/which语法错误。句子中间用了逗号，可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，引导词在从句中充当主语。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故应该用关系代词which来引导，也可以用as来连接，意为“正如”。
2. considerate→considerable词汇错误。considerate意为“体贴的；考虑周到的”，considerable意为“大量的”，此处要表达的意思是“相当多的人”，故应改为considerable，以符合上下文语义。
3．the (part)→the词汇错误。此句指出公交运营困难部分原因是因为票价低，part of才是指某物昀一部分，强调的是部分；the part虽指某个部分，但强调的是那个部分作为整体，因此需要删除the。
4．∧if→even语篇错误。根据上下文语义，此句是对前面的补充说明，前句提到公交应该以营利为基础，票价应该反映市场推动力，if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，放在此处语义不通．even if引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，就算”，此句的意思是“即使这意味着票价上涨”。
5．with→without或not→语篇错误。下文指出德国采取了提高票价、减少线路的措施以增加上座率，由此可见，提高票价的做法是有先例的，故此处应该把with改为without，和前面的not构成双重否定，表示肯定意味，除此之外，此题也可以去掉not。
6．in→to词汇错误。be similar in表示“在……方面相似”be similar to表示“跟……类似”，此处要表达的意思是“德国采取了类似Lafleur所提议的措施”，故应该用介词to。
7．limits→limitations词汇错误。limit作名词意为“限度，界限”，limitation意为“限制；局限；起限制作用的规则”．此句要表达的意思为“比改变票价更重要的
是同时对私家车行驶进行限制”，故改为limitations更符合语义。
8．conveniently→convenient语法错误。此处是make+sth.+反的结构，应该用形容词来作宾补，不能用副词，故应改为convenient。
9. high→higher词汇错误。上文提到了德国通过提高票价和改进服务的措施增加公交的上座率，由此可知德国的票价比以往要高些，故此处应该用比较级，此句的意思是“更高的票价确实增加了德国公交的上座率。”
10．coordinating→coordinated词汇错误。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句中的主语与主句主语一致，谓语动词coordinate与主语higher fares之间是被动关系，故应该用过去分词coordinated。相当于when they were coordinated．此句的意思是“但只有和严格的车辆通行政策配合运用，而不是单一地提高票价。”