专八改错训练附讲解100篇:Passage 60
日期:2016-04-13 17:43

(单词翻译:单击)

改错练习

What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up approximately similar lists, but I think the following would be generally accepted.(1)____

Firstly, the teacher's personality should be pleasant live and attractive.(2)____ This does not rule on people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm, but it does not include those who are over-exciting, melancholy, frigid sarcastic.cynical frustrated, and over-bearing: I would say too, that it includes all of dull or purely negative personality.(3)____(4)____(5)____

Secondly, it is not merely desirable and essential far a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy-in the literacy meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people, especially since most teachers are school teachers, to the minds and feelings of children.(6)____(7)____ Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on laming. Teaching is a job which one will never be perfect, there is always something more to leam about it.(8)____ There are three principal objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching to; and-by far the most important-the children,young people,or adults to those they are to be taught.(9)____(10)____

答案解析

文章大意
本文讨论了作为一名教师,什么样的个性特征是值得拥有的。可能不同的人会给出不同的看法和标准,但是对于这样一个问题,人们也有一些共性的认识。文章从三个方面展开描述,第一,教师的个性应该是活跃的、能吸引人的;第二,作为一名教师,一个重要的个性特征是具有真正同情他人的能力;第三,教师必须有不断学习的思想。
答案详解
1.approximately→exactly词汇错误。approximately意思为“大约,大概”,exactly意思为“精准地,确切地”。此处对于老师应该拥有哪些理想的品质,每个人的答案应该是不同的,所以根据逻辑可以推断,可能没有两个人会“准确地”列举出相同的个性特征来,此处应该表示“确切”,所以应改为exactly。
2.pleasant→pleasantly语法错误。live和attractive都是形容词,而此处live和pleasant之间没有逗号,表示这两词并非并列关系,所以此处应该是副词pleasantly修饰后面的形容词live,要将pleasant改为pleasantly。
3.on→out词汇错误。此处考查动词短语的搭配。rule on的意思为“对……做出栽决”,rule out的意思为“把……排除在外”。此处要表明的是良好的性格并不与长相直接对等,故这里的意思应该是“这个并不是要排除那些长相平庸甚至是丑陋的人,因为这样的人也有非常伟大的人格魅力”。所以,根据上下文语义需要,此处的意思应该是“排开,排除”,应把on改为out。
4.over-exciting→over-excitable词汇错误。over-exciting意思为“令人过于激动的”,over-excitable意思为“易过于激动的”。前者强调某事物“容易让人过于激动”,后者强调人“自身情绪易过于激动”,从后文提到的忧郁沉闷、冷淡等有关人的种种负面情 绪,可知此处应该改为over-excitable。
5.includes→excludes语篇错误。include意思为“包括,包含”,exclude意思为“排除,不包括”。上文列举了大量的表示消极、否定的个性特征的形容词,例如:易过于激动的,忧郁沉闷的,冷淡的,讽刺的,愤世嫉俗的,沮丧的和自大傲慢的,这符合下文的dull and negative的个性特征。根据上下文我们可以推断,作为教师,不应该具有这样消极的个性,所以,这些个性应该足排除的对象,此处改为excludes。
6.and→but词汇错误。not merely意思为“不只,不仅”,desirable和essential是两个不同程度的形容词,如果用and来连接则表明是平等的层次,而此处强调的是后者essential,表示“真正的同情他人的能力,不仅是一种可取的品质,更是很必需的个性特 征”,故改成but。
7. literacy→literal语法错误。literacy是名词,意思为“读写能力,识字”,literal是形容词,意思为“字面的,文字的”。后面所接的是名词meaning,应该由形容词来修饰,表示“字面上的含义”,所以要改为literal。
8.∧which→bat语法错误。be perfect at是固定搭配,意思为“在……方面是完美的”,此处要将介词at提前,和which连用,共同引导定语从句,修饰其先行词job。此句的意思是“教书是一个永远无法做到完美的工作。”
9.(teaching) to→to语法错误。teach是及物动词,可以直接接宾语。he is teaching是定语从句,修饰前面的先行词classes,而不是pupils,故无需to表指示的对象。囡此要将to删掉,表示“在他教学的课堂上”。
10. those→whom语法错误。此处to是介词提前,而关系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语,指代人,所以只能跟whom连用,共同引导定语从句修饰前面的名词children,young people or adults。定语从句中,能和介词搭配的引导词只有which和whom,those是人称代词的复数形式,此处不符合语法使用规则,故应该改为whom。此句的意思是:目前最重要的是他们的教育对象——孩子们、年轻人或者是成年人。
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重点单词
  • desirableadj. 值得有的,令人满意的,有吸引力的 n. 有吸引
  • charmn. 魅力,迷人,吸引力,美貌 v. (使)陶醉,(使)
  • particularadj. 特殊的,特别的,特定的,挑剔的 n. 个别项目
  • tunen. 曲调,调子,和谐,协调,调整 vt. 调整,为 .
  • genuineadj. 真正的,真实的,真诚的
  • attractiveadj. 有吸引力的,引起注意的
  • capacityn. 能力,容量,容积; 资格,职位 adj. (达到最
  • dulladj. 呆滞的,迟钝的,无趣的,钝的,暗的 v. 变钝
  • sarcasticadj. 讽刺的
  • melancholyn. 忧沉,悲哀,愁思 adj. 忧沉的,使人悲伤的,愁