词汇选项

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．I enjoyed the play — it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous
2．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
A．critical B．necessary C．normal D．terrible
3．The project required ten years of diligent research.
A．hardworking B．basic C．social D．scientific
4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education.
A．good B．special C．private D．general
5．I can’t put up with my neighbor’s noise any longer; it’s driving me mad.
A．measure B．generate C．tolerate D．reduce
6．He demolished my argument in minutes.
A．disputed B．accepted C．disproved D．supported
7．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.
A．doubt B．relief C．confusion D．failure
8．Steep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people.
A．danger B．case C．picture D．evidence
9．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
A．combine B．close C．break D．sell
10．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment.
A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surprise
11．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
12．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone.
A．equal B．moderate C．immediate D．great
13．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.
A．spend B．require C．encourage D．attract
14．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
A．bad B．bright C．unclear D．general
15．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day.
A．physical B．energetic C．regular D．free
阅读判断
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Writing’s on the Wall?
Is it art or is it just vandalism（野蛮行为）? Well, it’s still a crime, but graffiti（涂鸦）has changed since the days of spraying your name on a wall to mark your territory. Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag”, TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971, and hip-hop culture was born. Hip-hop is a mixture of art, music and dancing, poetry, language and fashion. It came from young inner-city people, who felt left out by their richer classmates and who were desperate to express themselves in any way they could.
An experiment to control the spread of graffiti in Rochdale, Greater Manchester, has been so successful that plans have been made by local street artists for an international convention in June. “We’re planning to get people together from different countries like France and Germany for a week,” says Liam, one of the organizers. The scheme started in 2000, and has attracted people of all age groups and both sexes. “We all share a common interest and get on really well with each other.” The first site to be chosen was a subway. “Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to graffiti much more now. ” By providing places to display their talents legally, there has been a fall in the amount of “tagging” on people’s private property.
Street artist Temper developed his drawing skills at a young age. In art classes at school he was really frustrated because the Art teacher didn’t spend time with him. They thought he was already very good at art and so spent more time with other students. So, at 12 years old, Temper started painting with all these guys he’d hooked up with who were about 22 years old. He looked up to them and loved what they were doing on the streets of Wolvehampton, England. “The whole hip-hop scene was built up of different things and I did a bit of everything. But it was always the graffiti I was best at,” he says.
16．Demetrius was a teenager from New York.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．The graffiti scheme in Rochdale was for teenagers only.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．People did not like using the subway before an organized group of graffiti artists came.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．Since the scheme started, no walls in the town were sprayed with graffiti.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Most of the other graffiti artists in England were about ten years older than Temper.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Temper, a street artist, is now head of a graffiti club in England.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Temper is involved in many different aspects of hip-hop culture.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
概括大意和完成句子
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Waste Not, Want Not
1　Bob and Clara Darlington, who own and run a farm in the North of England, have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow. Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.
2　The business was an immediate success, and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country. The Association’s inspectors found the Darlingtons’ shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetables.
3　Clara Darlington is a trained chef and, in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce, she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made herself in the farmhouse kitchen. A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added, with everything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.
4　Clara admits that starting the business was expensive, and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good, the public recognize this and buy it. “I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers, whether they come in for a loaf of bread, or take a whole dinner-party menu. I take it as a compliment（恭维）if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves. ”
5　So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop. Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.
6　The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties. She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups. As a result, they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.

A．Time well spent is rewarded
B．Professional recognition is obtained
C．A necessary alternative to farming
D．Professional skills are exploited
E．Continuing investment in high standards
F．Ensuring that nothing gets wasted

23．Paragraph 2 ______
24．Paragraph 3 ______
25．Paragraph 4 ______
26．Paragraph 5 ______

27．Bob and Clara Darlington established a shop to __________.
28．Apart from quality fruit and vegetables, the couple __________.
29．Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away, the couple __________.
30．Clara spent much of the summer going to London to __________.

A．sell fresh vegetables
B．sell as much as possible
C．offer a variety of prepared meals
D．turn them into soup
E．fill a gap in the market
F．promote her soups
阅读理解1
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 The Best Way to Reduce Your Weight
You hear this; “No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat.” You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?” Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.
Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. ”
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained. The results were surprising; by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn’t result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.
Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.
The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.
31．The first paragraph tells us that our weight is determined by
A．our genes.
B．our work habits.
C．our eating habits.
D．our life style.
32．In Jules Hirsch’s study, the subjects
A．showed no health problem.
B．lived only on liquid food.
C．were all thin people.
D．gained weight rapidly.
33．After leaving the hospital, the eight fat people
A．were back to their original weight.
B．went mad.
C．followed the advice of Hirsch’s.
D．attempted suicide.
34．In Ethan Sims’ study, the subjects were asked to
A．eat as much as they could.
B．battle their genetic inheritance.
C．stay in prison.
D．lower their weight.
35．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Each person wants to control his weight.
B．Each person has a weight range of 9kg.
C．Each person wants to eat to his heart’s content.
D．Each person has a natural weight range.
阅读理解2
第二篇 Food for Learning
In Eritrea, a small country in northeast Africa, approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women. As in many developing countries, most Eritreans have traditional ideas about the role of women. They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.
These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families. In Eritrea, in fact, there is great need for improvement. It is one of the poorest countries in the world. For many Eritrean families, getting enough food is a daily problem.
To deal with these problems, the Eritrean government, together with the World Food Program, has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools, all the children receive food packages to take home to their families. However, with the new program, the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys. This way, parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.
Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women, this program offers food rewards (also from the World Food Organization) to women and older girls who are willing to join the program. Because of the war with Ethiopia, many women are bringing up their families on their own. They often live in refugee camps, with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job. They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.
The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives. If they agree to join the program, they receive a large package of food each month. In return, the women are required to attend free literacy classes for two hours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months. It is especially popular with teenage girls, aged fourteen to sixteen, who have never had a chance to go to school before.
The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women, using the same system of food rewards. In these courses, they will teach women job skills and crafts such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write. They will become aware of what is going on in their country, and they will be able to have a voice in their future.
36．According to the passage, traditional ideas about women
A．are rejected by the younger generation.
B．help improve the economy.
C．hinder economic development.
D．have little impact on economic development.
37．The Eritrean government is offering extra food to girls in school in order to
A．encourage parents to keep girls at home.
B．help girls feed their families.
C．create more jobs for Eritrean teachers.
D．change traditional attitudes towards women.
38．With the Food for Training program, women get a large package of food as long as
A．they attend free literacy classes every day.
B．they bring up their families on their own.
C．they live in refugee camps.
D．they have no land of their own.
39．The new literacy programs are an example of
A．the work of 5,000 women and teenage girls.
B．the Eritrean government working to keep its power.
C．local and international organizations working together.
D．the problems with international aid organizations.
40．According to the passage, Food for Training will
A．allow women to spend more time at home.
B．teach women about international aid.
C．encourage women to leave their country.
D．help women better their lives.
阅读理解3
第三篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I. since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might lie her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C．, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman a- bout the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times.
41．The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly because
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B．the melted ice made him visible.
C．he was lying on the ice.
D．he was just on a mountain pass.
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working.
B．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C．The Iceman lived a poor life.
D．The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43．All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I.
B．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father.
C．he was born about a thousand years ago.
D．he came from Italy.
44．The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle.
B．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C．had got a wound on the back of his head.
D．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45．The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could he best replaced by
A．soldiers.
B．hunters.
C．shooters.
D．robbers.
补全短文

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show these emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surprise and enjoyment. __________ (46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. __________ (47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of these expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）, who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his research team first had to define an “emotion”. __________ (48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discussed. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from “afraid” to “wanting”.
Once these emotions were defined and classified, a DVD seemed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three seconds. __________ (49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone’s face. “It was really clear when the actors had got it right,” says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD．“Although they were given some direction,” says Ms Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. __________ (50) For example, when someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called “action units”. These can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion.
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
B．These particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.
C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by “I feel” or “he looks” or “she sounds”.
E．He said that the expression of these feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone, from any culture.
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.

完形填空

第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Racial Prejudice
In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has been taken for granted as a means of solving differences; and this is not even questioned. There are countries __________ (51) the white man imposes his rule by brute（粗暴的）force; there are countries where the black man protests by __________ (52) fire to cities and by looting and pillaging (抢劫）. Important people on both sides, who would appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in __________ (53) of violence as if it were a legitimate（合法的）solution, __________ (54) any other. What is really frightening, what really __________ (55) you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch（关键时刻）, we have made no actual __________ (56) at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded __________ (57) of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that __________ (58) never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed and the suffering __________ (59) nothing. No solution ever comes to __________ (60) the morning after when we dismally（阴郁地）contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.
The truly reasonable men who __________ (61) where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted __________ (62) their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into __________ (63) acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at __________ (64) up the slums and ghettos（贫民窟）, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would not have gone a long way to __________ (65) at a solution.
51．A．when B．why C．where D．what
52．A．catching B．setting C．fighting D．returning
53．A．memory B．spite C．favor D．need
54．A．through B．as C．to D．like
55．A．puts B．forces C．sets D．fills
56．A．decision B．point C．sense D．progress
57．A．system B．range C．history D．business
58．A．argument B．talk C．violence D．research
59．A．mean B．have C．want D．deal
60．A．end B．light C．mind D．life
61．A．consider B．know C．suggest D．demand
62．A．for B．with C．by D．of
63．A．lawful B．violent C．symbolic D．final
64．A．cleaning B．looking C．taking D．getting
65．A．arriving B．meeting C．laughing D．starting

参考答案
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（综合类A级）
1 D 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 C
6 C 7 C 8 A 9 A 10 A
11 A 12 D 13 C 14 C 15 B
16 A 17 B 18 A 19 B 20 C
21 C 22 A 23 B 24 D 25 E
26 F 27 A 28 C 29 D 30 F
31 A 32 B 33 A 34 A 35 D
36 C 37 D 38 A 39 C 40 D
41 B 42 B 43 D 44 A 45 D
46 E 47 A 48 D 49 F 50 B
51 C 52 B 53 C 54 D 55 D
56 D 57 C 58 C 59 A 60 B
61 B 62 C 63 B 64 A 65 A
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～22题，每题1分，共7分；
第三部分：第23～30题，每题1分，共8分；
第四部分：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分；
第五部分：第46～50题，每题2分，共10分；
第六部分：第51～65题，每题1分，共15分。
试卷满分：100分。

答案解析

2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析（综合类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项
1．D　译文：我喜欢这部戏剧——它情节巧妙，对话幽默.
划线词为形容词，意思是“滑稽的，有趣的，可笑的”，与D项humorous（滑稽的，富有幽默感的）为同义词，又如：Tom is very humorous.汤姆很幽默。A项意为“长的”，例：The distance between us is long.我们之间的距离很远。B项意为“无趣的，单调的，乏味的”，例：It is a boring job.这是一件乏味的工作。C项意为“起初的，原来的”，例：We should follow the original plan.我们应该遵循原来的计划。
2．D　译文：他被囚禁在环境恶劣的监狱中。
划线词为形容词，意思是“骇人听闻的，极糟的”，与D项terrible（可怕的）意思相近，又如：This is terrible!这太可怕了！ A项意为“关键性的，批判的”，例；It is at the critical moment.到了关键的时刻了。B项意为“必要的”，例：It is necessary to get up earlier.早起床是必要的。C项意为“正常的，标准的”，例：It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。
3．A　译文：这个项目需要10年勤奋的研究。
划线词为形容词，意思是“勤奋的”，与A项hardworking（刻苦的，努力的）意思相近，又如：Chinese people are hardworking.中国人民是勤劳的。B项意为“基本的”，例：The basic requirement is to be on time.最基本的要求就是要准时。C项意为“社会的，交际的”，例：We should attend the social activities as much as possible.我们应该多参加社交活动。D项意为“科学的”，例：The theory is scientific.这个理论是科学的。
4．A　译文：我想给儿子们提供良好的教育。
划线词为形容词，意思是“体面的，相当好的”，和A项good（好的）意思相近，又如：Exercise is good for health.运动有益于健康。B项意为“特别的，专门的”，例：He never drinks except on special occasions.除非在特定场合，否则他从不喝酒。C项意为“私人的，秘密的”，例：The President is paying a private visit to Europe.总统正在对欧洲进行私人访问。D项意为“普遍的，总体的”，例：The general opinion is in favour of us.舆论对我们有利。
5．C　译文：我再也不能忍受邻居的噪声，它让我发疯。
划线词为动词，意思是“忍受”，与C项tolerate（忍受，容忍）意思相近，又如：We cannot tolerate such waste.我们不能容忍这种浪费现象。A项意为“估量”。例：It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his work.没有见过他的作品，很难估计他的能力。B项意为“生产，导致”，例：This book will continue to generate excitement for a long time.这本书将在很长一段时间里继续使人们为之激动。D项意为“减少”，例：He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减少我们房子的租金。
6．C　译文：他几分钟之内就推翻了我的论据。
划线词为动词，意思是“推翻”，与C项disproved（反驳）意思相近，又如：This discovery disproved the idea that the world was flat.这个发现推翻了地球是平的这一看法。A项意为“争论”，例：Some husbands and wives are always disputing.有些夫妇总是争吵。B项意为“接受”，例：If you accept, please let me know.如果你接受的话，请通知我。D项意为“支持，支撑”，例：Walls support the roof.墙支撑着屋顶。
7．C　译文：我们的安排完全被打乱了。
划线词为名词，意思是“混乱”，与C项confusion（混乱）为同义词，又如：His unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion.他的突然来访使我们完全不知所措。A项意为“怀疑，疑虑”。例：There is no room for doubt.没有怀疑的余地。B项意为“缓解，减轻，解除”，例：This medicine will give you some relief.这药会为你减轻一些痛苦。D项意为“失败”，例：Failure teaches success.失败是成功之母。
8．A　译文：陡峭的楼梯对老年人来说很危险。
划线词为名词，意思是“危险"，与A项danger（危险）为同义词，又如：In case of danger, raise the electric alarm.如果有危险，就拉响电动警报器。B项意为“事例”，例：Could you give us a concrete case?你能给我们举个具体事例吗？ C项意为“图片”，例：All the pictures should be faced forward.所有的图片都应朝前摆。D项意为“证据”，例：The room bore evidence of a struggle.房间里有搏斗过的痕迹。
9．A　译文：这两家银行宣布了明年合并的计划。
划线词为动词，意思是“合并”，与A项combine（联合）意思相近，又如：Wu should combine punishment with leniency.我们应该将严厉对待和宽大处理相结合。B项意为“关闭”，例：This door won’t close.这门关不上。C项意为“打破”，例：Glass breaks easily.玻璃易碎。D项意为“卖”，例：Merchants buy and sell.商人买进卖出。
10．A　译文：帕特丽夏不满地盯着其他女孩。
划线词为名词，意思是“怨恨”，与A项anger（怒气）意思相近，又如：She is swift to anger.她爱生气。B项意为“怀疑”，例：The outcome of the election remains in doubt.选举的结果仍然不能肯定。C项意为“爱”，例：My mother’s love for me was very great.母亲对我的爱是很深的。D项意为“吃惊”，例：To my surprise, he refused to cooperate with us.令我吃惊的是，他拒绝与我们合作。
11．A　译文：她的父亲温文尔雅。
划线词为形容词，意思是“典雅的，文雅的”，与A项polite（礼貌的，有教养的）意思相近，又如：He’s always so polite to people.他对人总是非常有礼貌。B项意为“相似的”，例：My view is similar to yours.我的看法与你的相似。C项意为“通常的”。例：It’s usual to have a holiday in summer.夏天休假是惯例。D项意为“不好的”.例：Reading in a dim light is bad for the eyes.在暗淡的光线下看书有损视力。
12．D　译文：社工的定期看望对独居的老年人来说意义重大。
划线词为形容词，意思是“极大的”，与D项great（巨大的）意思相近，又如：That great tree takes a- way all the light.那棵大树把光线全给遮住了。A项意为“平等的”，例：All men are equal in the eye of law.法律面前人人平等。B项意为“中等的，适度的’’，例：He has a room of moderate size.他有一个大小适中的房间。C项意为“立刻的”，例：This matter is immediate. We must do it now.这事刻不容缓，我们必须现在做。
13．C　译文：低税收会刺激投资并有助于经济增长。
划线词为动词，意思是“刺激，鞭策”，与C项encourage（激励，鼓励）意思相近，又如：Teachers often encourage class participation.教师常鼓励学生积极参与。A项意为“花费”，例：Hu has spent all his money.他把所有的钱都花光了。B项意为“要求”，例：The occasion requires formal dress.这场合要求穿礼服。D项意为“吸引”，例：The panda attracted many children.那只熊猫吸引了不少孩子。
14．C　译文：他对于自己为什么没有完成学业的原因相当不清楚。
划线词为形容词，意思是“模糊的，不清楚的”，与C项unclear（含糊的，不清楚的）为同义词，又如：I am happy to clarify any points that are still unclear.我愿意说明任何仍然不清楚的地方。A项意为“坏的”，例：He speaks bad English.他说的英语很差劲。B项意为“聪明的”，例：A bright boy learns quickly.聪明的孩子学得快。D项意为“普遍的”，例：Your answer is too general.你的答案太笼统了。
15．B　译文：你的狗每天至少需要20分钟充沛的运动。
划线词为形容词，意思是“精力充沛的”，与B项energetic（精力充沛的，有活力的）为同义词，又如： He is constitutionally energetic.他体力强健，精力充沛。A项意为“身体的”，例：Youth is the time of physical growth.青年时期是长身体的时期。C项意为“有规律的”，例：He leads a regular life.他过着有规律的生活D项意为“自由的”，例：Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
第2部分：阅读判断
16．A　句意：德米特里厄斯是从纽约来的少年。
关键词是teenager和New York。对应文中第一段第三句话Street art has become much more sophisticated since a 17-year-old called Demetrius started spraying his “tag”, TAKI 183, all over the New York underground in 1971...，因此可推知，德米特里厄斯是一个从纽约来的少年，故此题为“正确”的。
17．B　句意：在洛奇代尔，涂鸦计划只为青少年而设。
关键词是scheme和Rochdale。文中第二段中讲到在洛奇代尔进行的计划吸引了各个年龄段的人，故此题为“错误”的。
18．A　句意：在一群有组织的涂鸦艺术家到来之前，人们不喜欢使用地铁。
关键词是subway。对应文中第二段第五句话The first site to be chosen was a subway. “Before we began, people were afraid to use the subway. We had it cleaned up and now, with all the artists hanging out down there, people are using it again. People can relate to graffiti much more now. ”因此可推知，在涂鸦艺术家到来之前，人们是不喜欢使用地铁的，故此题为“正确”的。
19．B　句意：自从这个计划开始之后，城里的墙上不再有涂鸦了。
文中第二段最后一句话提到，“因为向他们提供地方，使他们能够合法地展示自己的才能，所以私人财产上的涂鸦量就减少了。”因此可推知，城里的墙上还是有涂鸦的，只不过数量减少了而已，故此题是“错误”的。
20．C　句意：英国大多数的涂鸦艺术家都比Temper大十岁。
关键词是Temper。文中最后一段“12岁的Temper开始和那些他认识的大约22岁的小伙子一起画画”，但是这些会涂鸦的小伙子是不是英国的，是不可知的，故此题是“未提及”的。
21．C　句意：Temper,—个街头艺术家，现在是英国涂鸦俱乐部的首脑。
文中最后一段提到Temper在街头艺术方面的一些情况，但并未说他是英国涂鸦俱乐部的首脑，故此题是“未提及”的。
22．A　句意：Temper涉及了嘻哈文化的许多方面。
关键词是hip-hop。对应文中最后一段的最后一句话“整个嘻哈文化有很多东西，我每一样都会些”，故此题是“正确”的。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
23．B　第二段主要说Bob和Clara的生意成功，在农场零售协会上名列前茅，被认为是最好的农场商店，同时协会的观察人员还发现他们的店不仅东西质量好，而且服务佳。B选项Professional recognition is obtained（得到专业的认可）与本段的内容相符，故选B。
24．D　第三段主要是说Clara是一个受过训练的厨师，因此除了自己园子里种的和其他当地产的东西，她开始提供她自己在农场厨房里做的各种食物，并且开了一个小咖啡馆。D选项Professional skills are explored（专业得到了开发）与本段的内容相符，故选D。
25．E　第四段主要是说Clara承认开始做生意成本会很高，但她坚持认为只要向顾客提供最高质量的商品和服务就会得到回报。也就是说他们要继续提高自己的标准。E选项Continuing investments in high standards（继续高标准的投入）与本段内容相符，故选E。
26．F　第五段主要是说这对夫妇意识到他们形状不好或有损坏的菜有剩余，所以Clara想到把这些东西做成汤，这样就避免了浪费。F选项Ensuring that nothing gets wasted（确保没有东西被浪费）与本段内容相符，故选F。
27．A　题意：Bob和Clara开店是为了卖新鲜蔬菜。
文中第一段指出Their success began when they established a shop on their farm, so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.意为：他们的成功开始于他们开了自己的店，其他人可以直接从他们这里买新鲜的蔬菜，故选A。
28．C　题意：除了高质量的水果和蔬菜，这对夫妻还提供各种准备好的食物。
文中第三段谈到，除了自己园子里种的和其他当地产的东西外，Clara开始提供她自己在农场厨房里做的各种食物，故选C。
29．D　题意：这对夫妻没有把受损的蔬菜扔掉，而是把它们做成了汤。
文中第五段指出Clara, not wishing to see them get thrown away, decided to turn them into soup.意为：Clara不想看到它们被扔掉，就决定把它们做成汤，故选D。
30．F　题意：Clara利用整个暑假去伦敦，目的是推销她的汤。
文中第六段指出She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail, doing presentations of the soups.意为：她夏天大部分的时间都坐火车在伦敦旅行，同时展示她的汤，故选F。
第4部分：阅读理解
第一篇
31．A　题意：第一段告诉我们，我们的体重是由我们的基因决定的。
文中第一段最后一句话说“因为是你的基因，而不是你的生活习惯，决定了你的体重，而且你的身体其实一直在努力维持着某个体重”，故选C。
32．B　题意：在Jules Hirsch的研究中，这些实验对象只依靠流食。
文中第三段第三句话说“Jules Hirsch曾经做过一项对8名肥胖者的实验，每天只给他们提供600卡路里的流食”，故选B。
33．A　题意：在离开医院以后，这8个肥胖人又反弹回他们的原始体重。
文中第三段第二句话提到“但是他们离开医院后，他们的体重又反弹了”，故选A。
34．A　题意：在Ethan Sims的研究中，这些实验对象被要求尽量多吃。
文中第四段第二、三句话提到“Ethan Sims曾在犯人中选取志愿者做增重的试验。在4到6个月里，他们吃下尽可能多的食物。”，故选A。
35．D　题意：每一个人都有一个自然的体重范围，这个陈述是正确的。
文中最后一段第一句话提到“研究结果证实了科学家们原先猜测的，那就是每个人都有一个自然的体重范围”，故选D。
第二篇
36．C　题意：根据这篇文章，关于妇女的传统观点阻碍了经济的发展。
文中第一段讲到了在厄立特里亚这个国家，大多数人都是文盲，尤其是妇女；认为妇女就应该待在家里，不应该接受教育或者找工作。紧接着文中第二段就说到“这些观念成为阻碍厄立特里亚以及其他发展中国家提商经济的一大因素”，故选C。
37．D　题意：厄立特里亚政府正在向学校的女孩们提供额外的食物，目的是改变对妇女的传统观点。
文中第三段第三、四句话谈到“在这个政府采取的新项目中，女孩比男孩多得到50%的食物。这样就可以鼓励孩子们的父母把女儿送到学校读书而不是把她们留在家里”，这样做的目的也就是改变对妇女的传统观念，故选D。
38．A　题意：在通过接受训练而得到食物的项目中，妇女只要每天都参加免费的文化课就会得到一大袋食物。
文中第五段第二、三句话提到“这项通过接受训练而得到食物的项目改善了她们的生活。如果她们同意加入这个项目，每个月都会得到一大袋食物。作为回报，妇女们需要每天上两个小时的免费的文化课”，故选A。
39．C　题意：这个新的文化项目是当地政府和国际组织合作的一个事例。
文中第三段第一句话讲到“为了应对这些问题，厄立特里亚政府与世界粮食计划署一起，发起了一个‘提供食物以奖励学习’的新项目。”此外，第四段第一、二句话也提到“致力于教育妇女的另一个政府项目是’通过接受训练而得到食物’。此项目是由厄立特里亚全国妇女联合会主办的，旨在为自愿加入联合会的妇女们提供食物（也有来自世界食物组织的）奖励”，可知额；厄立特里亚新的文化项目是通过当地政府和世界食物组织共同努力来实行的，故选C。
40．D　题意：根据这篇文章，“通过接受训练而得到食物”的项目将帮助妇女改善生活。
文中最后一段总结了这个项目给妇女带来的帮助，它不仅教会了她们工作技能而且还教会她们读书认字。由此可看出，这项计划能够使妇女们的生活变得更好，故选D。
第三篇
41．B　题意：冰人的尸体在山脉里被发现主要是因为融化的冰能够让他可见。
文中第一段最后两句指出“这个高度的冰通常是不会化的，但是由于1991年尤其暖和，山上的冰比原来化的要多，所以尸体就露出来了”，故选B。
42．B　题意：从文中第二段可以推断出：冰人可能是死于头部的伤。
根据第二段第一句对冰人的描述:“他面朝下，除了头部的一个伤口，整个骨架的状况完好”，因此可推出他可能是死于头部的伤，故选B。
43．D　题意：下面除了他来自意大利这个猜测，其他的都是关于冰人的猜测。
文中第三段是对冰人来历的猜测。有人认为他是一战的士兵；一个瑞士女人坚信冰人是她二十年前死在这些山里没找到尸体的父亲；科学家们认为他大概有一千年的历史了，故选D。
44．A　题意：科学家们得出结论：冰人当时可能是在进行战争。
文中第四段谈到通过X光检查出在他的肩膀处有个箭头，就是这个东西让他受了内伤并且流血，从而死掉，这说明他当时极有可能是处在一场战争中，故选A。
45．D　题意：第四段中“bandits”能被“robbers”代替。
第四段谈到冰人当时也许正处于一场很大的战争中，或者是与强盗的交战中，甚至他本人就是可能是强盗。robbers意为“抢劫者”，与bandits意思相近，故选D。
第5部分：补全短文
46．E　句意：他说这些感觉的表情是普遍的，能够被任何人，任何文化所认知的。
根据前文中提到了达尔文把表情分为六个类型这种说法，可以推知后面应该会进一步对他的观点进行阐释，故选E。
47．A　句意：我们曾试着努力描述各种情感，但是为此制定一个清晰的规则几乎是不可能的。
根据前文中提到的越来越多的脸部表情在全世界都被共享，所以后面可以推知，既然被全世界共享，那么就可以努力地描述各种情感了。但是为了做到这一点去制定一个规则又是不可能的，所以谈到了后面的DVD阅读表情的方法，故选A。
48．D　句意：他们决定精神状态可以发生在“我感觉”或“他看起来”或“她听起来”之后。
前一句谈到了教授和他的研究团队第一次不得不定义情感，后面又谈到了用这些定义取得了什么成果。故中间那句话应该是给情感下定义，故选D。
49．F　句意：任何其它展示这412种情感的方法，例如词语，是远远没有这个效果好的。
这句话后面谈到了用语言表达情感是很困难的，因此是对前面的解释，故选F。
50．B　句意：这些特殊的肌肉是很难控制的，很少有人能做的这一点。
前面说到这些演员并没有被告知要如何活动脸部肌肉，所以后面应该会解释他们没有被告知的原因，故选B。
第6部分：完形填空
51．C　本题考查关系副词的用法，又因为此空前面的先行词是国家，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应该选择表示地点的where，故选C。
52．B　本题考查词语搭配set fire，放火，故选B。
53．C　本题考查固定词组in favor of支持，故选C。
54．D　本题考查介词的用法，like表示“像……”，且后面跟名词，故选D。
55．D　本题考查固定词组，fill…with…，用……填满了……，故选D。
56．D　本题考查词语搭配make progress取得进步，故选D。
57．C　根据上下文，此处应该表示的是对整个人类历史的记载，故选C。
58．C　根据上文，可知暴力不但不能解决任何问题，反而会使问题激化，故选C。
59．A　根据前面说到的暴力不能解决任何问题，反而会使问题激化，因此血腥和灾难就意味着失去一切，故选A。
60．B　该句是说即便是对硝烟断壁和争斗原因进行沉闷的思考之后，也仍然无法找出解决问题的方案，故选B。
61．B　本题考查词语辨析，consider考虑；know知道；suggest建议；demand要求，因为根据这句话的意思应该是这些人了解到了……，故选B.
62．C　本题考查介词词组的因定搭配by one’s own，故选C。
63．B　根据上下文，此处要表达的是如果我们用到暴力行为的精力有一半被利用好的话……我们就不会走很长的路才找到解决办法，故选B。
64．A　本题考查固定搭配，clean up扫清，故选A。
65．A　本题考查词语搭配arrive at a solution，找到解决的办法，故选A。