友情提示：看不懂音变的同学请听203-206期

despair spair-sper
To lose all hope
To be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat.
Complete loss of hope.
One despaired of or causing despair
n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事
vi. 绝望，丧失信心

词组短语:
in despair 绝望地，失望地
despair of 失望，丧失信心；对…绝望

例句：
I despair of ever finding him again.
我对再找到他已丧失信心。

desperate
Having lost all hope; despairing.
Marked by, arising from, or showing despair: the desperate look of hunger; a desperate cry for help.
Reckless or violent because of despair: a desperate criminal.
Undertaken out of extreme urgency or as a last resort: a desperate attempt to save the family business.
Nearly hopeless; critical: a desperate illness; a desperate situation.
Suffering or driven by great need or distress: desperate for recognition.
Extremely intense
adj. 令人绝望的；(因绝望而)铤而走险的，不顾一切的；极度渴望的；极端的，极度的；极强烈的

例句：
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。

desperado
A bold or desperate outlaw, especially of the American frontier
prosper
n. 亡命之徒，暴徒

prosperous
Having success; flourishing: a prosperous new business.
Well-to-do; well-off: a prosperous family.
Propitious; favorable
adj. 繁荣的, 兴隆的,昌盛的；富裕的,富足的；顺利的，吉利的；有利的

prosperity
The condition of being prosperous
n.繁荣, 旺盛; 幸运, 成功, 顺利, 幸福

习惯用语:

borrowed prosperity
虚假繁荣
Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.
[谚]富贵交友易, 患难显真情。

Esperanto
An artificial international language with a vocabulary based on word roots common to many European languages and a regularized system of inflection.
n.世界语

词源小故事

作为目前世界上使用最广泛的一种人工语言，世界语Esperanto这个单词来自创造了世界语的波兰眼科医生柴门霍夫第一本书的笔名Doktoro Esperanto（希望博士），Esperanto这个单词的字面意思是He who hopes，来自拉丁词根sper=hope希望。柴门霍夫出生时，波兰正受着俄罗斯的统治，他的母语是俄语和依地语，但他也精通波兰语和德语，他又曾学习了法语、拉丁语、希腊语、英语和希伯来语，同时也研究意大利语、西班牙语和立陶宛语。他出生的小镇有三个民族的人居住：波兰人、犹太人和白俄罗斯人。由于语言、宗教信仰不同，所以他们经常互相产生偏见和仇恨。柴门霍夫认为语言不同使人们不能互相交流是产生偏见的主要原因，所以当他在华沙上中学时，他就试图创造一种人类共同的语言，以使不同民族的人可以好好地互相交流。

asperity

词汇起源
[Date: 1200-1300; Language: Old French; Origin: aspreté, from aspre 'rough']

Roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate: the asperity of northern winters. Severity; rigor.
A slight projection from a surface; a point or bump.
Harshness of manner; ill temper or irritability.
n.（表面的）粗糙；（气候等的）严酷；艰苦的条件；（性格）粗暴

asperate
To make uneven; roughen
vt. 使粗糙

exasperate

To make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly.
To increase the gravity or intensity of
vt. 使恼怒；激怒；恶化

例句：
She was exasperated by the senseless delays.
她被无谓的拖延弄得很恼火。