file
A line of persons, animals, or things positioned one behind the other
To march or walk in a line
n.行列;【军】纵列
vi.排成纵队行进

例句：
A file of passengers was coming down the steps.
旅客鱼贯走下阶梯。
They filed past the grave of the national hero.
他们排成纵队走过那位民族英雄的坟墓。

defile foul肮脏的，不洁的，污秽的
To make filthy or dirty; pollute: defile a river with sewage.
To debase the pureness or excellence of; corrupt: a country landscape that was defiled by urban sprawl.
To profane or sully (a reputation, for example).
To make unclean or unfit for ceremonial use; desecrate: defile a temple.
To violate the chastity of.
To march in single file or in files or columns.
A narrow gorge or pass that restricts lateral movement, as of troops.
A march in a line.
vt. 污损，弄脏；染污
n. 狭谷；隘路
vi. 以纵队前进

例句：
The girl's reputation was defiled by malicious gossips.
那位姑娘的名誉因为恶毒的流言蜚语而受损。
The troops had to defile through the pass.
部队只得排成单列通过关口。

profile
A side view of an object or structure, especially of the human head. A representation of an object or structure seen from the side. See Synonyms at form.
An outline of an object. See Synonyms at outline.
Degree of exposure to public notice; visibility: preferred to keep a low profile.
A biographical essay presenting the subject's most noteworthy characteristics and achievements.
To draw or shape a profile of.
To produce a profile of.
n. 侧面；轮廓；外形；剖面；[美国英语]对一个人的能力、个性的简要描述；传略；简况；人物简介

短语:
high profile 鲜明的姿态
low profile
低姿态；有节奏的慎重态度；不惹人注意；不出头露面[亦作 low silhouette]

例句：
The old trees were profiled against the pale sky.
苍天映衬出老树的轮廓。

filar
Of or relating to a thread.
Having fine threads across the field of view for measuring small distances, as in the eyepiece of a telescope.
adj. 丝的；丝状的

filament
A fine or thinly spun thread, fiber, or wire.
Botany. The stalk that bears the anther in a stamen. A chainlike series of cells, as in many algae.
A fine wire heated electrically to incandescence in an electric lamp. Electronics. A high-resistance wire or ribbon forming the cathode in some thermionic tubes.
n. 灯丝；细丝；细线；单纤维

词源小故事

Comedy 喜剧

约在两千年前，古希腊有一个节目，叫做komos，这一天，人们载歌载舞，狂欢尽兴，一直到晚饭后以火把游行而告结束。这种喜庆活动是多利安人发起的，他们是古希腊人的一支，主要居住在伯罗奔尼撒半岛、克里特岛等地，以粗犷放荡闻名。因此，早期的狂欢活动大都是些放荡的内容。参加活动的主要歌手当时叫komoidos，即现在的comedian（喜剧演员）。英语的comedy就是从komoidos这个希腊词来的。