友情提示：看不懂音变的同学请听203-206期，基础知识不再啰嗦，课程加速前进

culture cult-cul-col-clo=to till（耕种）
The cultivation of soil;tillage
The breeding of animals or growing of plants, especially to produce improved stock.
the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time:
Development of the intellect through training or education
A high degree of taste and refinement formed by aesthetic and intellectual training
cells, tissues, organs or organisms grown for scientific purposes, or the breeding and keeping of particular living things in order to get the substances they produce
n. 文化，文明；修养；栽培；养殖
vt. [细胞][微] 培养（等于cultivate）

普林斯顿公开课 - 人性课程节选
Your first thing is responsibility to fulfill your rights to your people, to your culture, to your family, to your government.
你的首要任务是履行义务而不是行使权利,对人民，对文化圈，对家庭，对政府都是如此。

clown
A peasant; a rustic
an entertainer who wears funny clothes and a large red nose and does silly things to make people laugh
(disapproving) a person that you disapprove of because they act in a stupid way
~ (around) (often disapproving) to behave in a silly way, especially in order to make other people laugh
n. 乡下人；粗鲁笨拙的人；小丑
vi. 扮小丑；装傻

colony
a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, country
a group of people who go to live permanently in a colony
a group of people from the same place or with the same work or interests who live in a particular city or country or who live together
(biology) a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place
n. 殖民地；移民队；【微生物学】菌落【生态学】群体，集群

耶鲁公开课 - 古希腊历史简介课程节选
So, I use the word colony because that's what we have for all such establishments of the kind we're talking about.
所以我之所以用殖民地这个词,是因为描述这种扩张行为我们只有这个词。

colonize
to take control of an area or a country that is not your own, especially using force, and send people from your own country to live there
(biology) (of animals or plants) to live or grow in large numbers in a particular area
vt. 将…开拓为殖民地；移于殖民地；从他地非法把选民移入
vi. 开拓殖民地；移居于殖民地

例句:
The British first colonized Australia in the 18th century.
十八世纪时英国人最先拓殖澳洲。
The English and the Spanish were among the first to colonize North America.
英国人和西班牙人是首先向北美洲开拓殖民地的。

colonial
connected with or belonging to a country that controls another country
(often Colonial) typical or connected with the US at the time when it was still a British COLONY
a person who lives in a COLONY and who comes from the country that controls it
n. 殖民地居民
adj. 殖民地的，殖民的

例句:
The African people have successfully fought against colonial rule.
非洲人成功地反抗殖民统治。

colonialism
when a powerful country rules a weaker one, and establishes its own trade and society there
n. 殖民主义；殖民政策

colonialist
a supporter of colonialism
n. 殖民主义者
adj. 殖民主义者的

词源小故事

Cologne n. （德国城市）科隆

作为德国第四大城市（前三位分别是柏林、汉堡和慕尼黑），科隆有超过两千年的历史。但在罗马时代，它的名字为“克劳蒂亚·阿格里皮娜的殖民地”（Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium）。这个名字来自于罗马皇后小阿格里皮娜，她是在科隆这座城市所在的莱茵河畔诞生的，所以实际上“Cologne”科隆的名字正是从罗马名字中的Colonia简化过来的，是罗马帝国东垂的一块“殖民地”。