alter['ɔ:ltə] 【根】alter=other（其他的）
to become different; to make sb/sth different
to make changes to a piece of clothing so that it will fit you better:
v 改变，更改

alteration[,ɔ:ltə'reiʃən]
a change to sth that makes it different
the act of making a change to sth
n. 修改，改变；变更；改变(或改动)的结果；变样；变化；转变

例句
My mother had to make some alterations in her new dress.
我母亲得替她的新衣服作些修改。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选
If we had this sort of progressive all-radical alteration, not just minimal alteration, but radical alterations of my memory, my beliefs, my desires, my tastes.
如果我们持续经历剧烈变化，不只是最小的变化，而是自己的记忆，信仰，渴望，品味都发生剧烈变化。

altercate ['ɔ:ltəkeit]
to dispute angrily or noisily
vi. 争吵，发生口角；争论

altercation[,ɔ:ltə'keiʃən] discussion
n争论, 口角

例句
The boys had an altercation over the umpire’s decision.
男孩子们对裁判的判决颇有争议。
Throughout the entire altercation, not one sensible word was uttered.
争了半天, 没有一句话是切合实际的。

altruism ['æltruizəm] alter-altur-altru其它 +ism 主义
clew clue 类似还有 counter-contra 有的前辈把这种现象称为anagram

(formal) the fact of caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own
n. 利他；利他主义

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选
It actually can help us explain altruism.
这的确可帮我们解释利他主义。

alias['eiliæs] ali alien 其它地方的-外国的, 相异的, 不同的
used when giving the name that a person is generally known by, after giving their real name:
a false name, especially one used by a criminal
n. 别名，化名
adv. 别名叫；化名为

绯闻女孩第1季第5集
Either "Dan humphrey" is an alias Or your son is not very popular.
Regardless, I need that number.
要么丹·汉弗瑞是个化名,要么是你儿子丹不太受欢迎。
不管怎样，我需要那个号码。

alibi['ælibai] ali其它 bi=be存在 在其它的地方
evidence that proves that a person was in another place at the time of a crime and so could not have committed it
an excuse for sth that you have done wrong
To make an excuse for oneself
n. 【法律】(被告)不在犯罪现场(的申辩、事实或证据) [美国口语]借口，口实，托辞
v 辩解；找借口

例句
He had an airtight alibi for that night.
他有无懈可击的证据证明那一夜他不在犯罪现场