(单词翻译:单击)
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
TESTFOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013) -GRADE EIGHT
TIMELIMIT: 195 MIN
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Now, listen to the mini-lecture.
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
1. According to the interviewer, which of the following best indicates the relationship between choice and mobility?
A. Better education→ greater mobility→more choices.
B. Better education→more choices→greater mobility.
C. Greater mobility→better education→more choices.
D. Greater mobility→more choices→better education.
2. According to the interview, which of the following details about the first poll is INCORRECT?
A. Shorter work hours was least chosen for being most important.
B. Chances for advancement might have been favoured by young people.
C. High income failed to come on top for being most important.
D. Job security came second according to the poll results.
3. According to the interviewee, which is the main difference between the first and the second poll?
A. The type of respondents who were invited.
B. The way in which the questions were designed.
C. The content area of the questions.
D. The number of poll questions.
4. What can we learn from the respondents' answers to items 2, 4 and 7 in the second poll?
A. Recognition from colleagues should be given less importance.
B. Workers are always willing and ready to learn more new skills.
C. Psychological reward is more important than material one.
D. Work will have to be made interesting to raise efficiency.
5. According to the interviewee, which of the following can offer both psychological and monetary benefits?
A. Contact with many people.
B. Chances for advancement.
C. Appreciation from coworkers.
D. Chances to learn new skills.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
6. According to the news item, "sleepboxes" are designed to solve the problems of
A. airports.
B. passengers.
C. architects.
D. companies.
7. Which of the following is NOT true with reference to the news?
A. Sleepboxes can be rented for different lengths of time.
B. Renters of normal height can stand up inside.
C. Bedding can be automatically changed.
D. Renters can take a shower inside the box.
Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
8. What is the news item mainly about?
A. London's preparations for the Notting Hill Carnival.
B. Main features of the Notting Hill Carnival.
C. Police's preventive measures for the carnival.
D. Police participation in the carnival.
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
9. The news item reports on a research finding about
A. the Dutch famine and the Dutch women.
B. early malnutrition and heart health.
C. the causes of death during the famine.
D. nutrition in childhood and adolescence.
10. When did the research team carry out the study?
A. At the end of World War II.
B. Between 1944 and 1945.
C. In the 1950s.
D. In 2007.
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
TEXT A
Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends.
And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.
In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure. As producers of new journalism, individuals can be scrupulous with facts and transparent with their sources. As consumers, they can be general in their tastes and demanding in their standards. And although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and stridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.
11. According to the passage, what initiated the transformation of coffee-house news to mass-media news?
A. The emergence of big mass media firms.
B. The popularity of radio and television.
C. The appearance of advertising in newspapers.
D. The increasing number of newspaper readers.
12. Which of the following statements best supports "Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house"?
A. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009.
B. People in the Western world are giving up newspapers and TV news.
C. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.
D. More people are involved in finding, discussing and distributing news.
13. According to the passage, which is NOT a role played by information technology?
A. Challenging the traditional media.
B. Planning the return to coffee-house news.
C. Providing people with access to classified files.
D. Giving ordinary people the chance to provide news.
14. The author's tone in the last paragraph towards new journalism is
A. optimistic and cautious.
B. supportive and skeptical.
C. doubtful and reserved.
D. ambiguous and cautious.
15. In "The coffee house is back", coffee house best symbolizes
A. the changing characteristics of news audience.
B. the more diversified means of news distribution.
C. the participatory nature of news.
D. the more varied sources of news.
TEXT B
Paris is like pornography. You respond even if you don't want to. You turn a corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.
The lobby of the hotel is decorated in red and gold. It gives off a whiff of 19th -century decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, this hotel is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A car with a woman in the back seat — a woman in a short skirt and black-leather jacket — pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind would have leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn't. I stood there and told myself. Cheer up. You're in Paris.
In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid- to late fall and so, by the time of winter, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired.
The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisian women to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks(不足，困难)and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded.
Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being, Lincoln said. In Paris it doesn't take much to be happy. Outside the hotel, the sky was pale and felt very high up. I walked the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel Tower. The tower in the distance was black, and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do. As I ran toward it, because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate. Seeing it, I felt a sense of protectiveness.
I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris.
During winter evenings, Paris's streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. In winter, when one leaves the Paris street and enters a café or restaurant, the light and temperature change suddenly and dramatically, there is the sense of having discovered something secret. In winter, because the days are short, there is an urgency to the choices one makes. There is the sense that life is short and so let us decide on what matters.
16. According to the passage, once in Paris one might experience all the following feelings EXCEPT
A. regret.
B. condescension.
C. expectation.
D. impulse.
17. Winter is the best season to visit Paris. Which of the following does NOT support this statement?
A. Fashionable Parisian women return to Paris.
B. More entertainment activities are staged.
C. There are more good restaurants to choose from.
D. There are fewer tourists in Paris.
18. "Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being." This statement means that most people
A. expect to be happy.
B. hope to be as happy as others.
C. would be happier if they wanted.
D. can be happy if they want.
19. In the eyes of the author, winter in Paris is significant because of
A. the atmosphere of its evenings.
B. its implications for life.
C. the contrast it brings.
D. the discovery one makes.
20. At the end of the passage, the author found himself in a mood of
A. excitement.
B. thoughtfulness.
C. loneliness.
D. joyfulness.
TEXT C
If you want to know why Denmark is the world's leader in wind power, start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen — mind the bicyclists — to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You'll feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmark's bountiful wind, so fierce even on a calm summer's day that it threatens to shove your car into the waves below. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the size of aircraft hangars build the wind turbines sold by Vestas, the Danish company that has emerged as the industry's top manufacturer around the globe. The work is both gross and fine; employees weld together massive curved sheets of steel to make central shafts as tall as a 14-story building, and assemble engine housings (机器外罩) that hold some 18,000 separate parts. Most impressive are the turbine's blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution. As smooth as an Olympic swimsuit and honed to aerodynamic perfection, each blade weighs in at 7,000 kg, and they're what help make Vestas' turbines the best in the world. "The blade is where the secret is," says Erik Therkelsen, a Vestas executive. "If we can make a turbine, it's sold."
But technology, like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmark's dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and public will to decide that it wanted to be a leader — and to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. Copenhagen covered 30% of investment costs, and guaranteed loans for large turbine exporters such as Vestas. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential price — thus guaranteeing investors a customer base. Energy taxes were channeled into research centres, where engineers crafted designs that would eventually produce cutting-edge giants like Vestas' 3-magawatt (MW) V90 turbine.
As a result, wind turbines now dot Denmark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze (Spain and Portugal, the next highest countries, get about 10%) and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch. "They were out early in driving renewables, and that gave them the chance to be a technology leader and a job-creation leader," says Jake Schmidt, international climate policy director for the New York City-based Natural Resources Defense Council. "They have always been one or two steps ahead of others."
The challenge now for Denmark is to help the rest of the world catch up. Beyond wind, the country (pop. 5.5 million) is a world leader in energy efficiency, getting more GDP per watt than any other member of the E.U. Carbon emissions are down 13.3% from 1990 levels and total energy consumption has barely moved, even as Denmark's economy continued to grow at a healthy clip. With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in December — where the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol — and the global recession beginning to hit environmental plans in capitals everywhere, Denmark's example couldn't be more timely. "We'll try to make Denmark a showroom," says Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen. "You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth."
It's tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, with the kind of Scandinavian good conscience that has made it such a pleasant global citizen since, oh, the whole Viking thing. But the country's policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark's energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Buffeted by the same supply shocks that hit the rest of the developed world, Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation, to the point of introducing car-free Sundays and asking businesses to switch off lights during closing hours. Eventually the Mideast oil started flowing again, and the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient. But unlike most other countries, Denmark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply. The Danish parliament raised taxes on energy to encourage conservation and established subsidies and standards to support more efficient buildings. "It all started out without any regard for the climate or the environment," says Svend Auken, the former head of Denmark's opposition Social Democrat Party and the architect of the country's environmental policies in the 1990s. "But today there's a consensus that we need to build renewable power."
To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. "Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be a positive experience, not just painful," says NRDC's Schmidt. The real pain could come from failing to follow in their footsteps.
21. Which of the following is NOT cited as a main reason for Denmark's world leadership in wind power?
A. Technology.
B. Wind.
C. Government drive.
D. Geographical location.
22. The author has detailed some of the efforts of the Danish Government in promoting the wind industry in order to show
A. the government's determination.
B. the country's subsidy and loan policies.
C. the importance of export' to the country.
D. the role of taxation to the economy.
23. What does the author mean by "Denmark's example couldn't be more timely"?
A. Denmark's energy-saving efforts cannot be followed by other countries.
B. Denmark can manufacture more wind turbines for other countries.
C. Denmark's energy-saving success offers the world a useful model.
D. Denmark aims to show the world that it can develop even faster.
24. According to the passage, Denmark's energy-saving policies originated from
A. the country's long tradition of environmental awareness.
B. the country's previous experience of oil shortage.
C. the country's grave shortage of natural resources.
D. the country's abundant wind resources.
25. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A. Not to save energy could lead to serious consequences.
B. Energy saving cannot go together with economic growth.
C. Energy saving efforts can be painful but positive.
D. Denmark is a powerful leader in the global wind market.
TEXT D
The first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered not just the usual coffee or tea but a complimentary nail-polish change while I waited for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months while nursing our hair back to whatever natural colour we long ago forgot.
Then there was the appliance salesman who offered to carry my bags as we toured the microwave aisle. When I called my husband to ask him to check some specs online, the salesman offered a pre-emptive discount, lest the surfing turn up the same model cheaper in another store. That night, for the first time, I saw the Hyundai ad promising shoppers that if they buy a car and then lose their job in the next year, they can return it.
Suddenly everything's on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. During the flush times, salespeople were surly, waiters snobby. But now the customer rules, just for showing up. There's more room to stretch out on the flight, even in a coach. The malls have that serene aura of undisturbed wilderness, with scarcely a shopper in sight. Every conversation with anyone selling anything is a pantomime of pain and bluff. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $2,000, it's time to break out the newly perfected art of the considered pause. You really don't even have to say anything pitiful before he'll offer to knock a few hundred dollars off.
Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street: Trinity Place offers $3 drinks at happy hour any day the market goes down, with the slogan "Market tanked? Get tanked!" — which ensures a lively crowd for the closing bell. The "21" Club has decided that men no longer need to wear ties, so long as they bring their wallets. Food itself is friendlier: you notice more comfort food, a truce between chef and patron that is easier to enjoy now that you can get a table practically anywhere. New York limes restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as "extreme solicitousness tinged with outright desperation." "You need to hug the customer," one owner told him.
There's a chance that eventually we'll return all this kindness with the extravagant spending that was once decried but now everyone is hoping will restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Is the store with the supercheap flat screens going to go bust and thus not be there to honour the "free" extended warranty? Is there something wrong with that free cheese? Store owners will tell you horror stories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habit forming: Will people expect discounts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose allure depends on their being ridiculously priced?
There will surely come a day when things go back to "normal"; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months. But I wonder what it will take for us to see those $545 Sigerson Morrison studded toe-ring sandals as reasonable? Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value contact sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85-year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet "the bomb shelter." The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be called the "greatest generation." As we learn to be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goes far beyond our own bottom line.
26. According to the passage, what does "the first clue" suggest?
A. Shops try all kinds of means to please customers.
B. Shops, large or small, are offering big discounts.
C. Women tend to have their hair cut less frequently.
D. Customers refrain from buying things impulsively.
27. Which of the following best depicts the retailers now?
A. Bad-tempered.
B. Highly motivated.
C. Over-friendly.
D. Deeply frustrated.
28. What does the author mean by "the newly perfected art of the considered pause"?
A. Customers now rush to buy things on sale.
B. Customers have got a sense of superiority.
C. Customers have learned how to bargain.
D. Customers have higher demands for service.
29. According to the passage, "shoppers…flaunt their new power at every turn" means that shoppers would
A. keep asking for more discounts.
B. like to show that they are powerful.
C. like to show off their wealth.
D. have more doubts or suspicion.
30. What is the author's main message in the last two paragraphs?
A. Extravagant spending would boost economic growth.
B. One's life experience would turn into lifelong habits.
C. Customers should expect discounts for luxury goods.
D. The practice of frugality is of great importance.
PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.
31. The full official name of Australia is
A. The Republic of Australia.
B. The Commonwealth of Australia.
C. The Federation of Australia.
D. The Union of Australia.
32. Canada is well known for all the following EXCEPT
A. its mineral resources.
B. its forest resources.
C. its fertile and arable land.
D. its heavy industries.
33. In the United States community colleges offer
A. two-year programmes.
B. four-year programmes.
C. postgraduate studies.
D. B.A. or B.S. degrees.
34. In_____, referenda in Scotland and Wales set up a Scottish parliament and a Wales assembly.
A. 2000
B. 1946
C. 1997
D. 1990
35. Which of the following clusters of words is an example of alliteration?
A. A weak seat.
B. Safe and sound.
C. Knock and kick.
D. Coat and boat.
36. Who wrote Mrs. Warren's Profession?
A. John Galsworthy.
B. William Butler Yeats.
C. T. S. Eliot.
D. George Bernard Shaw.
37. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser is a(n)
A. novel.
B. short story.
C. poem.
D. autobiography.
38. Which of the following italicized parts is an inflectional morpheme?
A. Unlock.
B. Government.
C. Goes.
D. Off-stage.
39. _____is a language phenomenon in which words sound like what they refer to.
A. Onomatopoeia
B. Collocation
C. Denotation
D. Assimilation
40. The sentence "Close your book and listen to me carefully!" performs a(n) ____function.
A. interrogative
B. informative
C. performative
D. directive
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:
PART V TRANSLATION
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
生活就像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从其中品出无穷无尽的美妙。将它握在手中仔细观察，它的暗红色中有血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜中有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香沁人心脾，让人终身受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨与智慧。
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
The UN General Assembly, the central political forum, is composed of 193 members, including virtually all the world's nation-states. Two-thirds of its members are developing countries, which account for about three-quarters of the world's population.
Reaching decisions is difficult, especially since all agreements by custom must be reached by consensus. As a result, important agreements are often held hostage by narrow special interests, and most agreements are reached only by reducing them to their lowest common denominators. But the real question is whether the major countries of the world will allow democracy to function at the highest level.
The Security Council, which is responsible for peace and security, deals with issues of the greatest political importance. The Council has only 15 members so it can meet frequently and deal with crises. Once impotent due to Cold War rivalries, it has regained much of the authority accorded by the UN charter.
PART VI WRITING
PART VI WRITING (45 MIN)
Is our society hostile to good people? According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, 76.1 percent of the respondents say that our current society provides a "bad environment" for good people doing good things. On the other hand, the more optimistic would argue that each individual should try his or her best to do good things and be nice to others, instead of waiting for the "social environment" to improve. So, what do you think? Is a sound social environment necessary for people to have high moral standards and be good to others?
Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:
Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others?
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.
