(单词翻译:单击)
3.以like, as等简单的词开头的习语
Broiled chicken disappeared from before us like magic.
烧鸡像变戏法似地从我们眼前消失了。
He accepted his defeat like a lamb ( =meekly ).
他毫无反抗地接受了自己的失败。
They''re the same height, or as near as (=nearly; almost) makes no difference.
他们全是一般高,分不出谁高谁矮。
总之,字面意思越是不容易看懂的句子,译者越容易认出其中的习语。但是,一些从字面上看似乎意思很明确的表达,就很容易误导译者。如:
This was manly, as the world goes (=according to customary standard) .
按一般的标准,这还算是有男子气概。
I can't turn up as I have other fish to fry.
我另有它事不能到。
有的习语字面意义和习惯意义兼有,就更难辨认了。如:
Mary went out with (= on dates with) Jim for two years before they were married.
玛丽和吉姆谈恋爱两年了才结婚。
( go out with 既有跟某人出去字面意义也有跟某人谈恋爱的习惯意义。)
Helen felt the vanity of human affairs and it was in those securities that she would have liked to cast anchor.
海伦感到人世渺茫,只望手里有些产业,安心度日 。
(cast/drop anchor既有抛锚的字面意思,也有定居;过安定生活的习惯意义。)
有些习语从字面上看在目的语有十分接近的对应表达,也容易误译。 如:
He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but had to eat his words (= admit that sth one has said was wrong) after losing several games.
他说过打网球谁都赢不了他,可是输了几场之后, 他不得不收回前言。
(这里 eat one's words 很容易被误译为食言。)
If you're going to regard every suggestion I make as criticism, then I must wash my hands of the whole matter (= refuse to accept any responsibility for (sth or sb).
如果你把我的每一项建议都看作是批评,那我就不再过问这件事了。
(wash one's hands of 在这里很容易被误译为洗手不干了,实际上是拒绝负任何责任。)
总之,译者必须根据上下文的逻辑关系,语法结构,词汇搭配等因素,并通过认真查阅有关参考书,来辨认习语,不仅要准确理解习语,还要把握意义和感情上的细微差别。而习语翻译中的难点则不同于习语辨认中所碰到的问题,归纳起来主要有以下几点:
A .在目的语中没有对等的习语或固定表达。这种情况经常是文化差异造成的。如 carry coals to Newcastle (多此一举,因为 Newcastle 是英国的一个煤炭输出地。 ) 、yours respectfully / faithfully / sincerely、年年有余、岁寒三友、恭颂秋安 / 秋祺等等。
B .在目标语中有相似表达,但适用语境不同,因此内涵也不同。如 to sing a different tune 和唱对台戏,前者指改变对某人或某事的观点、态度而后者则是指采取与对方相反地的行动,来反对或搞垮对方。
C .原语中使用的习语兼用其字面和习语意义。双关语经常属于此种情况。
I am reminded of the saying " Let George do it ",George ,I'll have a few things for you to do. ( Time Dec .27, 1982 )
我想起了这句俗语:让乔治来干吧! 乔治,我有几件事要你来干。
( Let George(s) do it 是一句美国习语,源自法国路易十二的口头禅,每当有什么苦差使没人愿意干时,他总是说: Let Georges do it ( Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges )。本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职,而由 George Schultz 接任。当时的里根总统在 George Schultz 宣誓就职时说了这句俏皮话。 Let Georges do it .
( Georges 是他的大臣Cardinal Georges )。本例背景是美国前国务卿黑格辞职,而由 George Schultz 接任。当时的里根总统在 George Schultz 宣誓就职时说了这句俏皮话。 Let Georges do it . 一方面指让 George Schultz 来接任吧!的意思,另一方面又意含(既然黑格不干,)就让别人来干的吧!( Let someone else do it )。)