语法详解

Test Two
关于used to的意义和用法

used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。例如：?
He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.?

在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to均可：?
He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.?
He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.?
Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre ?
Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre ?

在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：?
Used you to go to the same school as Edward ?
Did you use to go to the same school as Edward ??

近义词辨析
?
use, apply, avail, employ, utilize?
这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。?

use
强调利用人或物作为工具。?

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。

apply
指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。?

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
?
avail
指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。?

I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。?
We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。?

employ
指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。?

He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。?

utilize
指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。?

She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。

全真模拟试题

1. My pain ?____? apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”?
A. must be B. must have been C. had been D. had to be

2. It is only when you nearly lose someone ?____? fully conscious of how much you value him.?
A. do you become B.then you become?
C. that you become D.have you become?

3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, ?____? the atmosphere.?
A. as it is B. so is C. the same as D. and so is?

4. While driving along the treacherous road, ?____?.?
A. my right rear tyre blew out?
B. my right rear tyre had a blowout?
C.I had a blownout on my right rear tyre?
D. I had my right rear tyre blowout?

5. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it ?____? in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.?
A. is to be analysed B. has been analysed?
C. be analysed D. should have been analysed?

6.?____? there is little we can do to modify the weather, we can at least know what kind of weather to expect.?
A. Since B.When C.While D. Unless?

7.This organization brought Western artists together in the hope of making more of an impact on the art community ?____? any of them could individually and to promote Western art by women.?
A. rather than B.rather C. than D. other than?

8. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ?____? suffering and poverty.?
A. anything but B. nothing but?
C. none other than D. no more than?

9. After ?____? seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to step into the doctor’s office.?
A.it B.that C.what D. which?

10. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files ?____?right away.?
A. had to be printed B. should have been printed?
C. must be printed D. should be printed?

11. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ?____?of it at all.?
A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. interpretation?

12. You should have your eyes tested every year in case the ?____?of your spectacles need changing.?
A. lenses B.glasses C.sights D.crystals?

13. The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ?______? with the students and their parents.?
A. recognized B. popular C. favorable D. fascinated?

14. By cutting down trees we ?____? the natural home of birds and animals.?
A. harm B. hurt C. injure D. damage?

15. Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a ?____? if approached with enthusiasm.?
A. prize B. reward C.refund D. bonus?

16. The trade unions in this industry are ?____? any reduction in wages.?
A. objecting against B. opposed to?
C. reacted to D.resisting against?

17. She was teaching me ?____? you would teach a younger child to speak the language.?
A. the way B.in the way C. a way D.to the way?

18. The Brownings have not ?____? yet and I doubt whether they will come.?
A turned in B. turned out C.turned up D. turned to?
19.We went on a(n) ?____? to the mountain yesterday.?
A.excursion B.trip C. tour D. travel?

20.When Sarah and I ?____? on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.?
A. compiled B. gathered?
C. collaborated D. collected?

21.Beth could ?____? her coat because it had largered buttons.?
A. recognize B.prove C.define D. claim?

22.Postal ?____? are determined by the class and weight of the parcel mailed.?
A. taxes B.payment C. fees D. premium?

23.My father is so deaf that he has to use a hearing?____?.
A. help B. aid C.support D.tool
?
24.On New Year’s Eve, there will be a firework ?____?at People’s Square.?
A. display B.performance C. show D. exhibition
?
25.The ?____? of beer and alcohol in New Zealand is very high.?
A. consumption B. use C.drink D. absorption?

试题答案与解析

1. B)【句意】我刚一走进房间时一定表现得很痛苦，因为我遇到的第一个人同情地问我：“你没事吧?”?
【难点】must与完成时不定式连用往往表示对过去发生的事情的主观推测，常译成“一定是…”。
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2. C)【句意】只有当你快要失去什么人时，你才充分意识到他对你是多么重要。?
【难点】该句是一个典型的强调句式，即It is...that...。

3. B)【句意】正像土壤是地球的一部分，大气层也是。?
【难点】Just as...，so...为一固定结构，意为“正如…，…也…”。

4. C)【句意】当我在险峻的山路上驾车急驰时，车的右后胎爆了。?
【难点】此句为一个带有时间状语从句的主从复合句。在英语中，由while, when等引导的时间状语从句，如果其主语与主句中的主语相同，从句中的主语可以省略，而只剩下分词短语。驾车的应该是人，所以只能从C)和D)选，而D)的意义不符，所以选C)。?

5. C)【句意】杰恩•瓦格那对亚非诗歌最永恒的贡献是他坚持认为，这类诗歌除用凡俗的参考框架，还应用宗教的参考框架进行研究。?
【难点】insistence是个从insist派生来的名词，二者后面分别接同位语从句和宾语从句，句中皆应使用虚拟形式，即should+动词原形或动词原形。

6. C)【句意】尽管我们在改变天气方面无能为力，但我们至少知道天气未来的变化。?
【难点】while除表示时间外，还可表示转折、让步，意为“尽管，虽然”。该句中其它选项不具备此意。

7. C)【句意】该组织把西部艺术家聚集在一起，希望他们比任何个人都能更多地影响艺术界，并由妇女来促进西部艺术。?
【难点】选项C)的than与句中的more形成正确搭配，意为“比…都…”，故为答案。

8. B)【句意】但是多年以前瑞士人就发现连年不断的战争给他们带来的只有苦难和贫穷。?
【难点】nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。

9. C)【句意】在经过一段似乎是漫无边际的等候之后，终于轮到她走进医生的办公室。?
【难点】在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。又如：I saw what seemed to be a fox.我看见一个似乎是狐狸的东西。

10. D)【句意】董事会认为这些卷宗应立刻打印。?
【难点】urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟式，即should+动词原形。

11. C)【句意】他的答案很不清楚，我根本弄不懂。?
【难点】sense意为“意义；含义”,短语make sense of意为“弄懂…的意思”；explanation意为“解释，说明，阐述”，侧重说明事件的真相、原因；meaning意为“意义，意思；含义”，但不能在make sense of 短语中代替sense；interpretation意为“解释，说明，阐明”，比较正式。?

12. A)【句意】你应该每年检查一次自己的眼睛，因为你的眼镜镜片也许需要更换。?
【难点】lenses意为“镜片”；glasses意为“眼镜”；sights意为“视野；风景”；crystals意为“水晶，晶体”。

13. B)【句意】校董会希望他们选择的那出剧会受到孩子和家长的欢迎。?
【难点】popular意为“讨人喜欢的；得人心的；受欢迎的”。recognized意为“被赏识的；受表彰的”。favorable意为“赢得赞许的；讨人喜欢的”，但后面不能接with。fascinated意为“被迷住的，被弄得神魂颠倒的”。
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14. D)【句意】我们砍伐树木的行为损坏了鸟兽的自然家园。?
【难点】damage意为“加害于…，损伤…”；harm意为“对…有害”；hurt意为“疼痛，受伤，(精神上)伤害”；injure意为“使受伤”，身体受外力伤害。?

15. B)【句意】罗宾逊先生知道，如果带着热情去做，最琐碎的家务也能证明是一种报偿。?
【难点】reward意为“报答；奖赏”；prize意为“奖金，奖品”；refund意为“退款”；bonus意为“奖金，红利”。?

16. B)【句意】该行业工会反对降低工资。?
【难点】be opposed to意为“反对，对抗”；object against不常用；react to意为“作出反应，反应”；resist不与against连用。

17. A)【句意】她教我那门语言的方式简直就象在教一个小孩说话。?
【难点】the way后接从句，意为“以…方式”。in the way意为“妨碍(某人)”。a way 和to the way不是固定搭配。?

18. C)【句意】勃朗宁一家人还没露面，我怀疑他们会不会来。?
【难点】turn up意为“出现，露面”；turn in意为“归还，递交…”；turn out意为“原来是，证明是”；turn to 意为“求助于；求教于”。?

19. A)【句意】昨天我们到那座山里进行了一次远足观光。?
【难点】excursion意为“远足，短途旅行”；trip意为“旅游出行；行程”；tour意为“游历；观光”；travel意为“(长途)旅行”。
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20. C)【句意】当我和萨拉为校报合作一篇文章时，我们发现很难在一起工作。?
【难点】collaborate意为“合作，合著”；compile意为“汇集；编辑”；gather意为“聚会，集会”；collect意为“收集；集合”。?

21. A)【句意】贝丝能认出自己的大衣，因为她的大衣上有红色的大钮扣。?
【难点】recognize意为“认出，识别”；prove意为“证明，证实”；define意为“下定义”；claim意为“认领；索取”。?

22. C)【句意】邮资是根据所邮包裹的等级和重量来定的。?
【难点】fee意为“费(如会费，入场费，手续费等)”；tax意为“税，税款”；payment意为“支付，付款”；premium意为“津贴；酬金”。?

23. B)【句意】我父亲耳聋得厉害，不得不使用助听器。?
【难点】aid意为“辅助器具”；help意为“帮助”；support意为“支持”；tool意为“工具”。
?
24. A)【句意】新年除夕，人民广场将举行焰火表演。?
【难点】display意为“展示性表演”；performance意为“文艺演出；表演”；show意为“展览；展览会”；exhibition也是“展览会”，属销售性质。?

25. A)【句意】在新西兰，啤酒和白酒的消费量很大。?
【难点】consumption意为“消费量”;use意为“使用，用途”;drink意为“饮料”；absorption意为“吸收”。