So the spring of 1945 saw the ENIAC team on the one hand, and Alan Turing on the other, arrive naturally at the idea of constructing a universal machine with a single 'tape'.
因此，在1945年春天，一边是ENIAC研究组，另一边是艾伦·图灵，都自然地想到了要构造一台具有共同存储性质的通用机。
But they did so in rather different ways.
但他们采取的方法很不一样。
The ENIAC, now already shown to be out-of-date in principle even before it was finished, had been something of a sledgehammer in cracking open the problem.
ENIAC甚至在还没完成之前，就已经在原理上显得过时了。它就像一把重锤，凭借蛮力，凶狠而强力地凿击眼下的问题。
And von Neumann had been obliged to hack his way through the jungle of every known approach to computation, assimilating all the current needs of military research and the capabilities of American industry.
冯·诺伊曼想要在所有已知的计算方法的丛林出，开辟一条自己的路，以满足军方研究和工业发展的全部需求。
The result was something close to the Lancelot Hogben view of science: the political and economic needs of the day determining new ideas.
其成果很符合兰斯洛特·霍格本的科学观：新想法要取决于当前的政治和经济的需要。
But when Alan Turing spoke of 'building a brain', he was working and thinking alone in his spare time, pottering around in a British back garden shed with a few pieces of equipment grudgingly conceded by the secret service.
然而，当艾伦·图灵打算要"建造一个大脑"时，他只是独自默默地研究、思考，在英国的后花园中慢慢踱步，陪着情报部门勉强留下的几台设备。
He was not being asked to provide the solution to numerical problems such as those von Neumann was engaged upon; he had been thinking for himself.
他与冯·诺伊曼不同，没有人要求他给出计算问题的解决方案，他只为自己而思考。
He had simply put together things that no one had put together before: his one-tape universal machine, the knowledge that large-scale electronic pulse technology could work, and the experience of turning cryptanalytic thought into 'definite methods' and 'mechanical processes'.
他的身上集中了以前从未有人集中过的经验：他的单纸带通用机经验，大规模电子脉冲技术的经验，还有把密码分析的想法变成机械过程的经验。
Since 1939 he had been concerned with little but symbols, states, and instruction tables—and with the problem of embodying these as effectively as possible in concrete forms.
在1939年之后，他一直在思考符号、状态和指令表，以及用什么方式才能把它们做成实际的机器。
Now he could consummate it all.
现在，他可以把这些想法都集中起来了。