When artificial sweeteners first took the grocery store by storm, they seemed like the answer to everyone's prayers. People who wanted their fizzy drinks could finally enjoy the sweet foods they craved without packing on the calories-or so they believed.
当人造甜味剂第一次风靡杂货店的时候，这似乎是每个人都在祈祷的答案bfWV.if|m1rv]。喜欢碳酸饮料的人终于可以吃到想了好久的甜食，同时又不用担心体内热量增加了--或者至少他们是这么认为的fJ(Bo3bd,Ib.JQ5z8。
But once those no- and low-caloric sweeteners started flooding the marketplace, researchers began studying the effects, and it's pretty clear, looking back, that calorie-free drinks are much less healthy than we thought.
但一旦这些无热量和低热量的甜味剂开始蜂拥挤入超市时，研究员开始研究了它们的效果，很明显，回顾过去，不含热量的饮料并没有我们以为的那么健康hR6pA2hX,fde。
We looked into the science on artificial sweeteners and diet soda, and here's what we found.
我们查看了有关人造甜味剂和健怡可乐的科学研究，有了以下发现q8^e.;91kLsJE1[。

Changes In Your Gut
肠道变化
According to a 2014 study published in the science journal Nature, fake sweeteners can change how your body processes sugar. Artificial sweeteners can change your intestines microbiome, which increases glucose intolerance. The study found this to be true in animal test subjects, which demonstrated the gut response to be probable in healthy human subjects.
2014年发表在《自然》期刊上的一篇研究表明，人造甜味剂能改变身体消化糖的方式FXFfr[aCF9d)4e。人造甜味剂能够改变肠道微生物群，从而增加葡萄糖耐受不良v_fNXvqsX@*.^sWu;v。研究发现这一点在受试动物对象上是成立的，这就表明健康的人类也有可能出现这种肠道反应B.Y=9EKz!!。
Weight Gain and Increased Belly Fat
体重增加、腹部脂肪增多
People often drink diet soda in an attempt to help them lose weight, but it actually might have the opposite effect. A 2015 study published in the American Journal of Geriatrics Society found an association between older Americans who drank diet soda daily over a nine year period ended the study with waist circumferences, on average, nearly 3 inches larger than their counterparts who didn't drink diet soda.
有些人经常喝健怡可乐希望达到减肥目的，但实际上可能会带来相反效果9vC#OTB7ll.)!@。2015年发表在美国《老年医学学会杂志》（Journal of Geriatrics Society）上的一篇文章发现：在为期九年的研究中，与不喝健怡可乐的受试者相比，每天都喝健怡可乐的美国老年人平均腰围变粗3英寸*4mxc1hLlmqH。
Increased Appetite and Sugar Cravings
食欲增加、更想吃糖
Another study from the University of Illinois found those who try to cut calories with diet soda may compensate with higher calorie meals, also leading to weight gain. This was the same conclusion reached in a study published by the American Journal of Public Health. The University of Illinois study acknowledges the possibility of an opposite correlation, suggesting those who indulge in unhealthy choices may use diet soda to compensate.
另一项来自伊利诺伊大学的研究发现：试图喝健怡可乐减少热量的人可能会食用卡路里更高的菜肴，以作为补偿，从而导致体重增加MUF3-ckZrDrz1H8。美国《公共卫生杂志》上发表的一项研究也得出了这样的结论0WfgP-,mJG+gi26,WW=L。伊利诺伊大学的研究承认了相反关系的可能性，表明沉溺于不健康饮食的人们可能会喝健怡可乐，以作为补偿GZ=47sV2=@6zu3Gw&EPk。
Additionally, a 2010 paper published in the Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine found that artificial sweeteners can boost appetite and sugar cravings. As the authors explained: "Artificial sweeteners, precisely because they are sweet, encourage sugar craving and sugar dependence. Repeated exposure trains flavor preference."
此外，2010年于耶鲁《生物学与医学杂志》发表的一篇文章发现：人造甜味剂能增加食欲，使人们更想吃糖4!yMebXm;OW4I|mjG4。研究作者解释道："人造甜味剂，正是因为它们很甜，所以会使人们更想吃糖，对糖产生依赖Fvv34d^JOm。重复摄入会培养人们的味道偏好F9,8ZOyDtEGN6BW。"

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