7.Chlorine Gas
7.氯气
Chemical warfare has been banned since the atrocities that took place during WWI. That was the time when systematic chemical warfare came into being as well as when it stopped…theoretically.
自从第一次世界大战期间的残暴行为之后化学战已被禁止。那是系统化学战应运而生同时也是它走向消亡的时期（只是理论上）。
Since then the Nazis were the ones who used poisoned gas to kill off people in the Holocaust, as well as the Japanese against people from China.
从那时之后，纳粹使用毒气进行过大屠杀，日本也使用其对付中国人。
After WWII chemical weapons of different sorts have been used in some rare and isolated conflicts around the world.
二战以后不同种类的化学武器被用于世界各地的一些罕见的和独立的冲突当中。

More recently however different reports have surfaced showing that at least one side in this whole Syrian conflict to be using chlorine gas as a weapon on entire villages.
然而最近不同的报告揭露，在整个叙利亚冲突中至少有一方使用氯气作为对付整个村庄的武器。
Chemical compounds in chlorine gas are acid-forming and have a pronounced effect on the respiratory system, flooding it and often times resulting in suffocation.
氯气中的化学成分是形成酸的组分，并对呼吸系统有极强的腐蚀性，如果吸入通常会导致窒息。
Moreover, survivors of such an attack will most likely suffer chronic breathing problems.
此外，遭受这种攻击的幸存者极有可能患有慢性呼吸病。
What is frightening here is that in desperation and war, people will often times resort to horrible means of achieving their goals and it seems that chlorine gas and chemical warfare might even make a comeback.
最让人感到可怕的是在绝望和战争中，人们往往会借助于恐怖手段以达到自己的目的，这意味着氯气和化学战可能重现江湖。

6.Depleted Uranium
6.贫铀
Depleted uranium (DU) is the waste that's left behind after a process known as nuclear enrichment, creating fuel for a nuclear reactor.
在为核反应堆生成燃料的核浓缩过程之后，留下的废弃物就是贫铀。
Depleted uranium is very dense, 68% more so than lead, and it just happens to be lying around after the enrichment process.
贫铀的密度非常大，比铅还大68%，并且恰好在浓缩过程之后产生。
It has several civilian uses such as shielding for radiography cameras, trimming weights in airplanes, coloring for dental porcelain, and as sampling calorimeters for use in particle physics.
在民用方面，主要用于屏蔽摄相机、调整飞机重量、为牙科瓷着色、在粒子物理学中作为抽样热量计。

Nevertheless, its main use is in manufacturing weapons. Its density makes it ideal for armor, armor piercing bullets and tank shells.
然而，其主要用途是制造武器。由于密度大，它成为了制造盔甲、穿甲弹和坦克的绝佳材料。
All good so far, but when firing such a weapon, once it hits, the uranium fractures into several shards and a fine powder so hot it burns upon contact with the air, forming a huge fire ball.
到目前为止提到的这些都很好，但如果发射这样的武器，一旦击中，铀会破裂成一些碎片和细粉，这些细粉热度很高，一但与空气接触就会燃烧，形成一个巨大的火球。
This dust then flies into the atmosphere and then settles on the ground, becoming a huge health hazard. Even though depleted, DU has a weak radiation output which becomes highly dangerous in powder form.
然后这些粉尘会飞到大气中，接着落定到地面上，对生命健康造成巨大的威胁。虽然贫铀是贫化的，但是它会发出微弱的辐射，这样的辐射如果形成粉末就会变得非常危险。
If ingested either by breathing it in or drinking it in water, it can have horrible effects.
一旦人们通过呼吸摄入了这样的粉末或者饮用了含有这种粉末的水，后果不堪设想。
Parts of the Balkans and Iraq, places where these weapons have been used extensively, have reported a steep rise in child leukemia and birth defects.
在巴尔干半岛和伊拉克的部分地区，有报道称：在已经广泛使用这些武器的地方，儿童白血病和先天缺陷的发病率急剧上升。
Even though these types of weapons are still used on a wide scale, the UN has recommended that these weapons fall in the category of chemical weapons, thus making their use illegal.
尽管这类武器现在仍在广大范围内使用，但联合国提出：这些武器属于化学武器类别，所以其使用是非法的。

5.Napalm Bombs
5.凝固汽油弹
A napalm bomb is a firebomb fuel gel mixture, which has a gel-like consistency allowing it to stick to targets.
凝固汽油炸弹是一种燃烧弹、燃料、凝胶混合物，其凝胶一样的稠度使它可以黏住目标。
Used in combination with gasoline or kerosene and incased in a thin aluminum shell, a napalm bomb burns at temperatures greater than 5,000 degrees F (2,760 C) when ignited.
结合汽油或煤油使用，并用一层铝壳包裹，凝固汽油炸弹点燃时的燃烧温度远超过5000华氏度（2760摄氏度）。
Making its debut in WWII, napalm was used by the US Air force over Tokyo in the later stages of the war, killing an estimated 100,000 people and razing 15 square miles of the city to the ground.
二战时凝固汽油弹初次亮相，在战争后期美国空军对东京投放了凝固汽油弹，造成大约十万人死亡，并将15平方英里的城市夷为平地。
Allied forces also bombed Dresden with napalm in February, 1945, killing somewhere between 35,000 and 135,000 German civilians. But its most intensive use was during the Korea and Vietnam Wars.
其盟军也于1945年二月用凝固汽油弹轰炸了德累斯顿，造成某地35000-135000德国人民的死亡。但其最密集的使用是在朝鲜战争和越南战争期间。

Since they're quite inaccurate, napalm bombs are classified as "dumb bombs" and are mainly effective against fortified positions like bunkers, caves and tunnels, as well as vehicles, convoys, small bases, structures or even entire forests.
由于凝固汽油弹非常不准确，它又被归为“愚蠢的炸弹”，同时，凝固汽油弹主要对设防阵地有效，比如地堡、洞穴、隧道，或是车辆、车队、小基地、结构建筑，甚至整个森林。
They're also appreciated for the fear they instill in the enemy. Besides adhering to the skin and causing hard to treat second or third degree burns, napalm also produces toxic gases, fatal if inhaled.
它们也因在敌军中创造的恐惧而备受重视。凝固汽油弹如果接触到皮肤，会导致难以医治的二级或三级烧伤，除此之外，它还会产生有害气体，这种气体吸入则致命。
Also burning the oxygen around the blast area, it is very likely for people to die just from asphyxiation alone.
凝固汽油弹的燃烧还会消耗爆炸区域周围的氧气，这很有可能导致人们死于窒息。
There have even been reports of people jumping into rivers in order to escape the hellish fire, only to boil in the water because of the extremely high temperatures.
甚至曾有报道称，有人跳入河中以躲避这地狱之火，却被沸水烫死，这是因为河水的温度也极高。
Protocol III of the 1980 United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons forbade the use of napalm or any other incendiary weapon on civilians, but the United States, even if it ratified the convention, isn't part of Protocol III.
1980年 《联合国特定常规武器公约》第三号协定书中提出：禁止对民众使用凝固汽油弹或其他任何燃烧武器。但是即使美国也批准了这条公约，它依旧不是第三号协定书的成员。
Using this highly destructive weapon is controversial at best and many nations frowned upon the US for using it in both the Afghanistan and Iraq wars of the past decade.
使用这个破坏性巨大的武器是备受争议的，许多国家非常反对美国过去十年里在阿富汗和伊拉克战争中使用凝固汽油弹。

4.White Phosphorus
4.白磷弹
White phosphorus (WP) is a chemical compound often used in warfare as artillery shells and grenades in order to create smoke so it can provide cover, or sometimes even used as a marker to illuminate certain targets.
白磷弹是一种化学合成武器,经常用于战争中,类似于炮弹和手榴弹的发射方式，目的是制造烟雾，提供掩护，有时候还用于标记出确定的目标。
This sounds innocent enough and might well save lives by using it in this manner, but unfortunately this is not the only use for white phosphorus in military operations.
白磷这名字听起来人畜无害，而且看它的用法好像还能救人性命，但很遗憾，它并不仅在军事行动中发挥作用。
Willy Pete, as it is named in military jargon, when in contact with air, spontaneously ignites and burns at tremendously high temperatures.
白磷出自军事术语，一与空气接触就会燃烧，温度也会急剧升高。
The white smoke it produces is a result of phosphorus pentoxide coming in contact with moisture in the air or, let's say, a person.
白磷燃烧产生的白烟与空气中的水分接触会产生五氧化二磷。

When this happens, phosphoric acid is formed. WP continues to burn until it runs out of oxygen or the substance is depleted.
或者这么说吧，当白烟和空气接触，就产生了磷酸，而白磷弹会一直燃烧，直到氧气耗光或是白磷耗尽。
Besides being toxic if inhaled, WP literally melts its way down to the bone when in contact with live tissue.
此外白磷的味道闻起来简直让人“过鼻不忘”，而吸入白磷燃烧产生的气体会中毒。
This weapon falls in the same category as napalm and is under fairly strict regulations of the 1980 UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons.
白磷弹与凝固汽油弹属于同一类别，并受到1980年颁布的《联合国特定常规武器公约》的严格管控。
What we mean by "fairly" is the fact that, even though white phosphorus is allowed in war, and only against military objectives, it can only kill with its burning properties, not its chemical ones.
由于白磷弹仅凭燃烧的特性就能置人于死地，更别提还含有化学成分，所以它只允许被用于战争中，并且只能针对军事目标使用。
Though denying it at first, Israel admitted using WP on both military and civilian targets in their 2008-2009 offensives in Gaza.
尽管以色列开始否认白磷弹，但最终还是承认在2008年至2009年加沙的军事行动中同时对军方和平民使用过它。