3.Sugar Causes Hyperactivity
3.糖会导致多动症
What parent of little ones hasn't heard that eating too much sugar will cause her kids to get too keyed up, or a bit hyper? And it often seems anecdotally true.
有小孩子的父母竟然没有听说过吃太多糖会导致孩子们太兴奋、精力过旺，这虽然是传说，但还是有一定道理的。
Watch as kids scarf down candy, cake and soda at a birthday party, then promptly run wild all over the place, screeching and screaming.
我们经常看到小孩子在生日聚会上吞下过多糖果、蛋糕和苏打饮料，然后立马在房间里跑来跑去，还会发出尖叫声。
But do we ever stop to think that maybe they're just overstimulated by the excitement of the birthday party itself?
看到他们的举动，我们会觉得是因为这个聚会太令孩子们激动了？
Or ponder the fact that lots of adults pig out on sugary snacks and desserts with no similar aftereffects?
还是会想一想如果大人吃这么多的糖果和甜食会不会有这个样子的反应？
There have been extensive studies about the relationship between sugar and hyperactivity, and no link has been found between the two.
目前有大量关于糖果和多动症之间关系的研究，但还没有找到两者之间的关联。

A group of researchers further reviewed several reputable studies and concluded that sugar in children's diets doesn't affect their behavior, apart from a small subset of kids.
一组研究人员进一步研究了一些著名的实验，发现孩子们饮食中的糖分并不会影响他们的行为，一小部分孩子除外。
Interestingly, another study, published in the Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, asked mothers of boys whom they thought were "sugar-sensitive" to rate their sons' behavior after they'd had soda.
在《异常儿童心理学期刊》上发表的一个研究中，研究人员选出一批他们认为对糖分比较“敏感”的孩子，让孩子们的母亲观察孩子们喝苏打饮料后的反应。
The mothers of the boys who'd had a sugar-filled soda thought their children's behavior was more hyperactive than the boys who'd been given an artificially sweetened soda.
一组孩子喝加糖苏打饮料，另一组喝加合成甜味剂苏打饮料。喝加糖苏打饮料那一组的母亲觉得自己的孩子比另一组的多动。
The trick was that all the kids in the study had been given an artificially sweetened drink, meaning that the behavior was based on perception rather than sugar.
有趣的是，实际上试验中所有的孩子喝的都是加合成甜味剂的饮料，这份实验结果说明孩子们的行为举止是观察者的主观印象，而不是受糖的影响。

2.Sugar Causes Obesity
2.糖类造成肥胖
A lot of people equate obesity with sugar: candy, ice cream, pastries and the like.
许多人将肥胖与一些糖分画等号，如糖果，冰激凌，油酥糕点等。
If you're fat, the thinking goes, surely it's because you eat a lot of sugary desserts.
如果你很胖，大家就会想，“啊，没错，你这么爱吃甜品当然胖啊”。
Those a little more versed in nutrition often warn against eating too much starchy food (potatoes, rice, cereal) because your body changes starches into sugar -- and eating sugar piles on the pounds.
稍微精通营养学的人都会避免摄入过多的富含淀粉的食物（土豆，稻米，谷物）因为身体会将淀粉转化为糖——相当于摄入成堆的糖类。
However, this is not true. If it was, people who ate a lot of rice (say, the Japanese) or pasta (the Italians) would be among the world's fattest people.
然而这是不正确的。如果真的是这样，吃大量稻米的人（比如日本人）或食用大量面食的人（比如印度人）岂不是世界上最胖的种群？

But guess what? They're some of the slimmest.
然而，事实是他们几乎是最瘦的。
Here's the thing. If you eat a lot of sugary foods, like cake and cookies, and drink sugary sodas and juice, you will gain weight.
实际上，如果摄用了大量甜品，如蛋糕、饼干、含糖苏打饮料、果汁，确实会长胖。
But that's because you're ingesting a lot of calories, period, not because sugar is inherently fattening.
但那是因为你短期摄入了太多的卡路里，不是因为糖本就让人发胖。
If your overall calorie count is within a healthy range, eating sugar is not going to create love handles or a jelly belly.
如果摄取合理范围的卡路里总量，吃糖不会导致游泳圈或是小肚腩。

1.Sugar Causes Diabetes
1.糖会导致糖尿病
One of the more prevalent sugar myths is that it causes diabetes.
关于糖流传最广泛的误会就是糖会导致糖尿病。
This misconception likely occurs because diabetics' blood sugar levels are often out of whack, so they have to watch their sugar intake.
产生这一误传是因为糖尿病患者血糖水平常常紊乱，所以大家就把罪责归在了糖的摄入。
But in general, there is no direct cause and effect between sugar consumption and the development of diabetes with one exception, which we'll discuss in a minute.
但通常来说，糖摄入量和糖尿病间没有直接的联系——当然也有例外，我们稍后讨论。
There are three main types of diabetes:
共有三种常见的糖尿病：

Type 1 diabetes develops if your body's pancreas can't make insulin. Insulin is a hormonethat takes the sugar from the foods we eat and allows it to enter our tissues, where our body can use it as fuel, or energy.
如果人体胰腺不能正常分泌胰岛素就会发展成一型糖尿病。胰岛素是一种从摄入食物中摄取糖分使其进入人体组织充当燃料或是能量的激素。
If your pancreas is making insulin, but it's not enough or the insulin doesn't work properly, you'll have Type 2 diabetes.
如果胰腺可以正常产生胰岛素，但胰岛素不足量或是功能异常，可能导致二型糖尿病。
Type 2 diabetes typically occurs in people who are overweight, inactive and eat a diet high in calories from any source, not just sweets.
超重、不爱运动、不仅爱吃甜食，还常摄取各种高热量食物的人更易患上二型糖尿病。
Some pregnant women develop gestational diabetes when the hormonal changes from pregnancy affect the way their insulin works.
孕期激素的变化影响胰岛素正常发挥功能，可能使孕妇患上妊娠糖尿病 。
So what's the exception to the sugar-diabetes linkage?
所以糖与糖尿病之间关系的特例呢？
People who regularly down lots of sugary drinks (sugar-sweetened soda, fruit drinks) are more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes.
经常过量摄入含糖饮料（含糖苏打水，果汁）的人更有可能患上二型糖尿病。
Of course, many people who guzzle sugary drinks are overweight and eat poorly, two factors that can cause Type 2, but studies show even those who are trim and eat healthily are more likely to develop diabetes if they're also drinking lots of sugary drinks.
当然了，许多狂饮含糖饮料的人都会超重、饮食不均衡。但研究发现即使身材非常苗条、饮食习惯十分健康的人，如果经常大量摄入含糖饮料，患上糖尿病的几率也会极大增加。