The world economy is at risk of slipping into a deflation trap and faces a historic drop in global trade that should serve as a wake-up call for governments around the world, two leading economic institutions have warned.

两大经济机构警告称，世界经济面临着陷入通缩陷阱的风险，同时全球贸易出现历史性减速应该给世界各国政府拉响警钟。

The International Monetary Fund warned yesterday that a broad-based phenomenon of low inflation, fed by a collapse in commodity prices and faltering demand, risked deteriorating into a full-blown deflation trap, particularly in advanced economies.

国际货币基金组织(IMF)昨日警告称，大宗商品价格大跌和需求滑坡助长的低通胀普遍现象有可能恶化，变成一个全面的通缩陷阱，特别是在发达经济体。

Governments needed to join central banks, which were increasingly seen to be running out of options, to do more to boost growth and raise incomes, it said.

该机构称，各国政府应该加入央行的行列，采取更多行动促进经济增长和提高收入；目前各主要央行日益被视为正在耗尽政策选项。

The fund’s warning, contained in analytical chapters from its forthcoming World Economic Outlook, came as the World Trade Organisation forecast global trade volumes would rise only 1.7 per cent this year.

IMF的警告包含在其即将发表的《世界经济展望》(World Economic Outlook)的分析章节中。与此同时，世界贸易组织(WTO)预计今年全球贸易量将仅增长1.7%。

This would be the slowest increase since the 2008 financial crisis and a big reduction from the 2.8 per cent growth it forecast in April.

这将是自2008年金融危机以来最慢的增长，而且相比该机构在4月份预测的2.8%大幅放缓。

The dramatic slowing of trade growth is serious and should serve as a wake-up call, said Roberto Azevêdo, the WTO’s director-general.

贸易增长的急剧减速是严重的，应该起到一个警钟的作用，世贸组织总干事罗伯托•阿泽维多(Roberto Azevêdo)表示。

The trend was particularly worrying in the context of an increase in protectionism and anti-globalisation rhetoric seen in the US and around the world, he said, adding: This is a moment to heed the lessons of history and recommit to openness in trade, which can help to spur economic growth.

他说，在保护主义抬头、美国乃至世界各地都出现反全球化言论的背景下，这一趋势尤其令人担忧。他补充说：是时候汲取历史的教训，重新承诺开放贸易，这将有助于刺激经济增长。

The twin warnings highlight mounting concerns over the world economy’s slow recovery from the 2008 crisis and the tepid response by policymakers.

这两个警告突显各方越来越担心世界经济自2008年的危机以来复苏缓慢，担心政策制定者的回应不够到位。

They are likely to be amplified next week when finance ministers and central bank governors from around the world gather in Washington for the annual meetings of the IMF and World Bank.

下周各国财长和央行行长齐聚华盛顿参加IMF和世界银行(World Bank)年度会议时，这些担忧很可能被放大。

The warnings also point to two key areas of concern.

这些警告还指出了两个令人担忧的关键领域。

International institutions are increasingly worried about the potential impact on a fragile global economy of the rise of populist politicians, such as US presidential candidate Donald Trump, and the protectionist policies they put forward.

国际机构越来越担心美国总统候选人唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)等民粹主义政治人士人气高涨，以及他们提出的保护主义政策，对脆弱的全球经济产生的潜在影响。

They are equally frustrated by what they see as the failure of many governments to take tough decisions and their continuing overreliance on central banks and monetary policy to respond to slow growth.

他们同样感到郁闷的是，在他们看来，许多国家的政府未能作出艰难决定，而是继续过于依赖央行和货币政策来应对增长缓慢。