What do Chuck Norris, Sylvester Stallone, Charlie Sheen, Demi Moore and Steven Seagal all have in common? At one time or another they have all portrayed special forces soldiers on the big screen and satiated the public's love of action movies that involve elite military forces. In the world of the military, perhaps no one group fascinates us or takes hold of our imagination more than the special-forces. On top of the ‘regular' military forces, most nations have an elite group of service personnel who are held to a higher standard of requirements and training. Some of these groups are well publicized and have been covered in the media recently. Others aren't as well-known with only allegations or myths surfacing over the years to provide any clue of their existence.
查克·诺里斯、西尔维斯特·史泰龙、查利·辛、黛米·摩尔及史蒂文·西格尔，这些人有什么共同之处呢？他们都曾在动作电影中扮演特种兵，讲述精英部队传奇，深受公众喜爱。在军事界，也许没有哪个兵种能比特种部队更让我们着迷，更能激发我们的想象力。大多数国家都组建有一支顶级的军事力量；这支部队由现役士兵中的精英组成，有着更高的选拔标准及更严苛的训练要求。其中一些特种部队较为高调并于近日为媒体所追捧。其他的特种部队则历来鲜为人知，仅有些许不实指控或谣言传出。
Whether emerging from the water to silently take out guards, storming a plane to rescue the hostages and eliminate the hostage-takers or slipping through the lines to sabotage enemy bridges and roads, special-forces take on some of the hardest missions and live some of the most secret lives in the military world. Who is the best? It's a difficult and near-impossible question to tackle as each nation's special-forces are built to do different jobs, including counter-terrorism and hostage rescue to reconnaissance and assault missions. That said, the requirements to get into the force in question, past operations and reputation can all help assess who some of the more deadly special-forces around the world are.
不论是冒出水面悄悄干掉警卫，还是突袭飞机解救人质、消灭劫匪抑或是冲破封锁并破坏敌人的桥梁和道路，特种部队肩负着最为棘手的任务，是军事界最为神秘的兵种。哪支特种部队才是最厉害的？这个问题难以回答，也几乎没有答案，因为每个国家的特种部队执行不同的任务，包括反恐、人质救援、侦察以及突击。也就是说，要深入了解各特种部队并不容易，但我们可以从他们过去的行动及所获得的声誉评估一下最厉害的特种部队都有哪些。

10.GIGN – France
10.法国国家宪兵干预组

Starting off our list are the National Gendarmerie Intervention Group from France. The GIGN, like many European special-forces, trace their origins back to the hostage massacre at the 1972 Munich Olympics. The French had also experienced a prison mutiny the year before in which hostages had been taken and murdered. The result of these experiences contributed to the creation of a force which today stands at around 400 members. Specializing in anti-terrorist and hostage rescue, the GIGN have seen their share of action. Past operations have included rescuing 30 school children held hostage in Djibouti, capturing war criminals in Bosnia, battling Somali pirates and, of course, the dramatic assault and hostage rescue of passengers aboard Air France flight 8969 in Marseille in 1994.
在我们榜单中，第一位出场的是法国国家宪兵干预组，也叫“法国国家宪兵特勤队”。与欧洲众多特种部队一样，法国国家宪兵干预组的创立可以追溯至1972年的慕尼黑奥运会人质事件。此前一年，法国发生了监狱叛乱，人质惨死。这些事件产生了巨大的影响，促使法国政府成立了这支军事部队。这支部队现有成员400名左右，专门负责反恐与人质营救。法国宪兵特勤队已经执行过众多任务，包括营救30名吉布提学生人质，抓捕波斯尼亚战争罪犯，对抗索马里海盗，当然还有1994年在马赛的法航8969航班上，成功突袭并解救乘客。

9.SSG – Pakistan
9.巴基斯坦特别服务组

In 1956, the Pakistani Army created its own special forces known as the Special Services Group. This force was modelled on the British SAS and US special-forces and its size remains highly classified. Selection for this force is rigorous and only 1 in 4 recruits end up making it through the nine-month training, airborne school and extensive hand-to-hand combat and physical conditioning elements. The SSG is trained for a variety of environments including mountain, desert, jungle and underwater. During the early Cold War, SSG forces trained and served alongside US special-forces. It is alleged some of these forces served in Afghanistan, fighting alongside the mujahedeen against the Soviets in the 1980s. India alleges that SSG forces have attacked their soldiers on more than one occasion in volatile border regions shared by the two nations. More recently, the SSG has focused on local anti-terrorist operations, taking part in ending the 2009 attacks on the Lahore police academy and rescuing the hostages of another 2009 attack on the Pakistan Military Headquarters.
1956年，巴基斯坦军方建立了自己的特种部队，即特别服务组。这支部队参照英国SAS部队和美国特种部队建立而成，其规模是最高机密。这支部队挑选十分严格，只有四分之一的新兵能通过为期九个月的训练，其中包括空降训练、大量的近身格斗及体能测试。SSG接受包括山地，沙漠，丛林以及水下在内的各种训练以应对多变的作战环境。冷战初期，SSG部队与美国特种部队一道训练，并肩作战。据说，在20世纪80年代苏联入侵阿富汗的战争中，在阿富汗服役的美、巴特种部队曾联合圣战者共同抗击苏联侵略者。印度宣称， SSG部队在两国接壤的动荡边境地区袭击了他们的士兵。最近，SSG都专注于本国的反恐行动，参与救援了2009年拉合尔警察学院袭击事件以及同年的巴基斯坦军事总部袭击事件。

8.Sayeret Matkal – Israel
8.以色列总参侦察营

This Israeli special-forces unit is focused on reconnaissance, anti-terrorism and hostage rescue outside of Israel. Sayeret Matkal was formed in 1957 to fill a void in Israel's special-forces and is made up of candidates selected for their high physical and intellectual characteristics. Candidates undergo eighteen months of training which includes basic infantry school, parachute school, counter-terrorism training and reconnaissance related training. The force has taken part in many large scale operations since the 1960s. The most famous of these, Operation Entebbe/Thunderbolt, demonstrated the determination and reach of Sayeret Matkal to the world. The operation came to be after several Palestinian and pro-Palestinian terrorists had taken hostages onboard an airliner which was flown to Entebbe Airport in Uganda. Many hostages were released but over 100, mainly Israeli and Jewish hostages, were kept in the airport terminal building. A group of around 100 Israeli commandos, including an assault force of Sayeret Matkal assaulted the position, killing the terrorists and freeing almost all of the hostages.
以色列总参侦察营成立于1957年，它的出现填补了以色列特种部队的空白。这支部队由通过严酷的体能测试和智力特征挑选的应征者组成，侧重于侦察、反恐和跨国营救人质。应征者要历经18个月的训练，包括基础步兵训练、空降兵训练、反恐培训和侦察相关的培训。该部队从上世纪60年代起参加了多次大规模军事行动，其中最著名的当属代号为“霹雳”的 “恩德培行动”。这次行动向世界展示了以色列总参侦察营的果断和作为。这次行动的起因是，一些巴勒斯坦和亲巴勒斯坦的恐怖分子劫持了一架飞往乌干达恩德培机场的飞机，并将机上乘客作为人质。劫机者释放了多数人质，但仍然将包括很多以色列和犹太人在内的100多人拘留在机场航站楼。一个约100人的以色列突击联队（其中包括一支以色列总参侦察营突击队）向航站楼发起攻击，击毙恐怖分子并解救了绝大部分人质。

7.EKO-Cobra – Austria
7.奥地利眼镜蛇特遣部队

As a result of the attack on the Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich Olympics, Austria created the Einsatzkommando Cobra for anti-terrorist operations. The force is made up of 450 men who have served in the Austrian Federal Police Force. Training, like every special-force, involves several months of specialized courses focused on marksmanship, languages, hand-to-hand combat and tactical and assault training. Of course, only those who pass strict psychological and physical testing qualify for the full training. In order to be as diverse as possible, extra specialized training often follows this ‘general' training and focuses on things like explosives, diving and sniping. While EKO-Cobra hasn't had any sorts of operations like the Sayeret Matkal, they have ended a hostage taking in Graz-Karlau prison in 1996 and are the only counter-terrorist team to end a hijacking while the plane was in mid-flight. In this instance, in 1996, four Cobra members were on a flight when a hijacker demanded the plane be diverted. Needless to say, the hijacker picked the worst flight to make his move and was subdued by the Cobra members.
在1972年慕尼黑奥运会以色列运动员袭击事件后，奥地利组建了眼镜蛇特遣部队，执行各项反恐任务。该部队由450人组成，队员都曾在奥地利联邦警察部队服役过。与每个特种部队的训练一样，眼镜蛇特遣部队的训练包括了为期数月的专业课程，侧重于射击、语言、搏击、战术和突击训练。当然，只有通过严格的心理和体能测试的人才能完成整个训练。为了使训练尽可能的多样化，他们常常在“常规”训练之后增加爆破、驾驶和狙击之类的专业训练。虽然眼镜蛇特遣部队还未参与类似于以色列总参侦察营的行动，但是他们于1996年成功解救了格拉茨-卡尔劳监狱劫持事件的人质，是唯一在空中制止劫机的反恐小组。1996年的那起劫机事件中，劫机者要求飞机转向时，机上正好有4名眼镜蛇成员。不用说，劫持者倒了大霉，不仅没劫成机，还被眼镜蛇成员制服了。

6.Delta Force – USA
6.美国三角洲部队

The full name of this group is the 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta. In addition to counter-terrorism operations, Delta Force can also take part in hostage rescue, raids, reconnaissance and less covert direct action operations. The group was formed in 1977 as a result of an increasing number of high-profile terrorist operations. Since then it has been composed largely of soldiers who have served in US special-forces like the Green Berets or Rangers. To be considered for training, potential candidates must be male, at least 21 years old, score highly on an aptitude test and be between the rank of corporal and master sergeant. A series of grueling physical and mental tests follow with the aim of weeding out the weakest. Allegedly, this testing means less than 1 in 10 make it through to the 6 month-long training course. Delta Force operations remain highly guarded secrets but you can bet they are in the vanguard of any US-led operation.
三角洲部队的全称是美国陆军特种部队第一作战分遣队。除了反恐，三角洲还参与营救、袭击、侦察和其他公开行动。在恐怖主义日益猖獗的情况下，三角洲部队于1977年应运而生。自那以后，该部队大部分成员均从诸如绿色贝雷帽及游骑兵等美国特种部队的现役士兵中进行挑选。该部队的应征者必须是年满21周岁，高分通过能力倾向测试且衔级介于下士和军士长之间的男性公民。实施一系列挑战极限的体能、心理素质测试是为了淘汰弱者。据说，这样苛刻的测试意味着仅有不到十分之一的应征者能通过长达6个月之久的训练课程。三角洲部队的行动一直是高度机密。但可以断定的是在所有美国发起的行动中，打头阵的总是这支部队。

审校：秋谊 编辑：Lion 来源：前十网