During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou rulers almost lost their control over lands.

春秋时期，周天子对土地的控制力已几乎完全丧失。

Vassals and nobles turned the public lands into private, adopting a new method of exploitation： farm laborers turned over a large part of products and kept the rest.

诸侯、贵族把公田化为私田，逐渐采取了新的剥削方式，农民被迫交出大部分产品。

Thus, slave-owners became feudal landlords, while slaves tilling well fields became peasants.

这样奴隶主贵族转变成了封建地主，原来耕种井田的奴隶转变成为农民。

Starting from State Lu, the well field system disintegrated gradually in all states, which was the sign of the collapse of slave society.

从鲁国开始， 井田制在各国逐步瓦解，标志着奴隶社会的逐步崩溃。

Iron wares were in common use in agriculture and handcraft industry,symbolizing the improvement of the social productivity.

铁器已经在农业、手工业生产中普遍使用，这标志着社会生产力的显著提高。

Cattle ploughing fields became a common sight, cultivation technique was raised, and agriculture got further development.

此时，也开始用牛耕地。耕作技术提高了，农业生产进一步发展起来。

At the turning point of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States, people began to make steel due to the improvement of iron-casting technology, and for the first time, it was used in weapon-making industry, like casting sword.

由于冶铁技术不断提高，春秋战国之交还出现了炼钢，并首先被用于铸剑等兵器制造业。

Wu, Yue and Chu were famous for sword casting with well-known swords like Yuchang, Ganjiang, Moye etc. were all made in these states.

吴、越、楚等国都是当时铸造名剑的地方，出现鱼肠、干将、莫邪等名剑。

Some craftsmen turned into individual producers and traders. They lived in a large market in the city, manufacturing and selling at the same time.

一部分工匠成为个体生产和经营者，聚居于城中的肆里,边生产边销售。

It was in the last years of this period that Luban, the founder of carpenter, lived.

被称为匠师之祖的公输般鲁班,就生活于春秋末年。

Coins emerged at that time. Jin was one of the first places to mint and use coins.

铸造金属货币产生于春秋时期,晋国是最早铸造和使用铸币的地区之一。