Enfeoffment： After the eastern expedition, King Wu carried out the enfeoffment policy in order to strengthen control over the country and protect the interests of the royal family.

周初的“裂国分邦”：东征结束后，周武王为了加强对全国广大地区的统治，便实行大分封,以保障王室的利益。

It is said that the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed 71 small feudal states in the early years, among them 53 states'family names were Ji.

据说，周初分封了七十一国,姬姓之国共有53个。

These fiefs were big or small, some in Jinei—the central region, others distrbuted throughout the whole country,mingled with the established states, as consolidated the royal power directly.

这些封国大小不等，有的是畿内的采邑。它们广泛地分布在中原地区内，与众多的旧国错杂在一起，这就直接加强了周王室的统治力量。

The System of Hereditary Kingship ：The Western Zhou practiced the system of hereditary kingship combined with a patriarchal clan system, which is a power division system with the essential feature of having the wife's eldest son a heir.

王位世袭制:西周实行王位世袭制，此制度是与宗法制度结合在一起的。宗法制度是以嫡长子继承制为基本特点的权力分配制度。

Within the clan there was a distinction between major and minor lineages. The king made the eldest son born of his wife heir to the throne, who was called crown prince. The other sons born of his wife and of his concubines became the heads of minor lineages as Qing and Dafu in the central government.

周王为天下的大宗，其嫡长子为宗子,是王位继承者，称世子;庶子为小宗，留在中央为卿、大夫。

The vassal lords with the royal surname belonged to minor lineages in relation to the king, but in their own states they established the same kind of lineage system.

诸侯对天子而言是小宗，但在其封国内却是大宗。

A dafu (great officer) belonged to a minor lineage in relation to the vassal lord, but within his own fief he also maintained the same system Dazong/King.

卿大夫对诸侯而言是小宗，但在其采邑内却是大宗。

Thus by combining blood relationship with an enfeoffment policy, the nobles bearing the same surname were united.

血亲与分封制度相结合,将同姓贵族紧紧联系在一起。

At the same time, the royal house intermarried with the ruling families of the fiefdoms and became related to those with different surnames.

同时皇室与大家族通婚，又将各种异姓势力联系在一起。

Such a clan relationship coupled with intermarriages strengthened the ties between the royal house and the vassal lords.

这种宗族关系加上通婚加强了皇室与诸侯的联系。

The king of the Zhou was regarded as a descendant of God coming to the earthly world with the bestowed power by Heaven or God and controled the earthly world.

周王被视为天之子，受天之命以君临人间。

The official system：The official system of Zhou was more complicated.

六官制:西周的中央官制更为复杂。

According to the Book of Rites , there were six ministers in the period of Zhou. The prime minister headed various officials, assisting the Zhou king. There were a minister of civil administration and land affairs (Si Tu), a minister of royal house affairs (Zong Bo), a minister of military affairs (Si Ma), a minister of construction (Si Kong), a minister of justice (Si Kou), and officials in charge of agriculture.

据《周礼》记载，周有六官，亦称六卿:宰相 统率百官，辅佐天子，司徒管土地和人民，宗伯管王族事务，司马管军事，司寇管刑法，司空管公共工程，还有负责农业生产的官员。

All of them were called Qing Da Fu or Shi. Most of the official posts were held by nobles, so when the father died, the son could inherit the position.

这些官员统称为卿大夫或士，都由大小贵族充当，父死子继。

The salary of officials came from fiefs, which were inside the capital, and the fiefs were also hereditary. The political organization in each fiefdom was similar to that at the royal court.

官员都以采邑为俸禄，采邑在王畿内亦世袭。封地内的官制与朝廷大体相当。