Song Dynasty
宋朝
Southern Song Dynasty
南宋
The military weakness of the Northern Song (960—1127) eventually took its toll.
北宋时期（960——1127）军队的软弱最终使其自食恶果。
In 1127, the Jin army sacked the Northern Song capital of Kaifeng, taking Emperor Huizong and most of his family hostage.
1127年，金国军队洗掠了北宋都城开封，徽宗和他的大部分家人成了人质。
Huizong’ ninth son, Zhaogou, fled to the south.
徽宗的九儿子赵构逃亡了南方。
That same year, the Song court re-established itself in Lin’an (present Hangzhou City), where it continued to rule for another 150 years as the Southern Song Dynasty.
同年，宋朝在临安（今杭州）重建南宋政府，进行了150年的统治。
Zhaogou is known historically as Emperor Gaozong.
赵构历史上被称为“宋高宗”。
The period of the Southern Song is neither a period of power nor stability and the dynasty only controlled the area south of the Yangtze River.
南宋时期国家既不强大也不稳定，这个朝代也仅仅控制了长江南部的地区。

When the dynasty was newly established, instead of appointing competent people to carry out reforms and devise effective defensive strategies, Emperor Gaozong did the opposite.
南宋刚建成时，宋高宗不仅没有任用有贤能的人实施改革并设计有效的防御措施反而做了背道而驰的事情。
By blocking the efforts of his talented Prime Minister Ligang he reversed the dominant military strategy from one of active resistance to passive defence.
通过阻挠有才能的宰相李纲，高宗将主要的军事策略从主动防御转变成了被动防守。
In addition, talented people were supplanted and less able and often incapable ones were appointed to very important positions.
不仅如此，有才智的人们遭到了排挤，而无能的人却被任命了重要的官职。