According to the documents, when Yu was old, he selected Bo Yi, a chieftain of Dongyi tribe, as the successor.

文献记载，禹年老时，曾选东夷族的一位首领益为继承人。

However, after his death, Qi, the son of Yu, seized the throne, and killed Bo Yi.

但禹死后， 禹之子启夺得王位，并杀掉益。

From then on, the period of Abdication came to an end, while the hereditary monarchy started.

从此，中国历史上的“禅让时代”结束, 王位世袭制开始。

Yu of the Xia called in all the vassals to the capital Yangzhai to celebrate his inauguration at tai in order to get the recognition of them. This indicated that the reign of the Xia had been established.

为了使世袭王权为众多的诸侯所确认，夏启在都城阳翟召集众多的诸侯，举行盛大的“钧台之享”，这表明夏王朝的统治基础已经完全确定了。

After the succession, Qi wiped out You Hu Shi tribe at the battle of Gan, then won the battle of Xihe and killed Wuguan, which contributed to the consolidation of his reign. Qi finally became the king who had unified the country.

启即位后，经过甘之战消灭了有扈氏，又在西河之战中取胜杀掉武观，从而巩固了自己的地位，成了一统天下的天子。

The foundation of Xia is a turning point in Chinese history.

夏的建立是中国历史上的转折点。

For a long time, the knowledge about the Xia had been based on ancient documents for lack of written records from the Xia, including kings, officials, army, penal code and prisons.

由于夏朝没有文字直接流传下来，所以，长期以来对其了解还主要依赖古代文献的记载，包括夏朝的国王、官吏、军队以及刑狱情况。

Nowadays, large-scale palaces, tombs, as well as bronze vessels were excavated at Erlitou Village in Yanshi County Henan Province, which reflect the information on the politics, economy, culture and social life of the Xia Dynasty.

现代以来,河南省偃师县 (今偃师市）二里头村遗址中大型宫殿、墓葬以及许多青铜器的出土，从一个侧面揭示了作为奴隶制的夏朝的政治、经济及社会文化、生活等等方面的情况。

State System： The Xia was built on the ruin of primitive commune system.

国家制度:夏朝的国家制度是在原始公社制度的废墟上建立起来的奴隶制度。

In the process of its disintegration, the patriarchy began to confront with the commune system, whereas the hereditary kingship and nobility evolved on the base of the patriarchy. All levels of nobles still maintained the original blood relationship, distinguishing surnames strictly.

在原始公社制度解体的过程中，父权家长制家庭成为它的一种对抗力量。而奴隶制国家的世袭王权和世袭贵族，就是以父权家长制家庭为基础逐步发展起来的，各级贵族组织仍然要保持旧的血缘联系,严格区分姓氏。

Accordingly, clan relationship was set respectively.

依姓氏的区别建立了各自的宗族关系。

Though followed the old clan system, the agnation focused on the patriarchy, and defined a noble rank and status according to their positions in the family hierarchy and kinship.

这种宗族关系虽然沿袭了旧的氏族组织的遗制,但实际上是以父权家长制为核心，按其辈分高低和族属亲疏关系来确定各级贵族的等级地位的。

State Organs： The Xia is a slave-owning state. The establishment of hereditary monarchy eliminated the function of the tribe as an organization representing the will of its members and taking care of its own affairs.

国家机构:夏朝是一个奴隶制国家。世袭贵族制度剔除了部族代表管理内部事务的职能。

What was emerging instead was a state apparatus on which one class ruling over another.

取而代之的是国家机器的建立，用以实现一个阶级对另一个阶级的统治。

Slave owners evolving from clan nobles were in dominant position and the mass laborers were slaves.

奴隶主是由氏族贵族转化而来的，处于统治地位。广大劳动者为奴隶身份。

The king, also called uTianzi>, (the son of God) had all kinds of officials responsible for various affairs.

国王亦称天子，其下有“百吏”，掌管朝事。

The Xia Dynasty by then had not only erected city walls, but also established its own army, penal code and prisons. Xiatai was the most notorious one.

夏朝时不仅建有城墙，还有军队、刑罚和监狱。

It is said that Tang, the king of the Shang Dynasty had been incarcerated there.

最著名的监狱叫“夏台”。相传商汤曾被囚于此。