Social Economy
社会经济
A series of economical reforms were necessary in order to overcome the financial crisis with which Emperor Wen was faced.
当隋文帝面临财政危机时，采取一系列经济改革来解决它们是有必要的。
A crisis due to the long period of wars and conflict prior to his succession.
由长时间的战乱和冲突引起的危机比他的继位重要得多。
In order to reduce the gap between the rich and the poor, the Sui reverted to the “land equalization system”.
为了缩小贫富差距，隋朝恢复到了“均田制”。
While controlling the possession of the land by the rich, this law provided for land distribution to all families on the basis of the number of the people in each household.
这则法令不仅控制了富人的土地拥有量，还依据每户的人口数量将土地分配给所有家庭。
The people were able to farm the land they owned but were precluded from selling it.
人们可以耕种他们拥有的土地但不能进行贩卖。
By permitting people to retain their land holdings much remained in the hands of landlords.
尽管人们的土地大部分仍在地主的手中，
Nevertheless, in spite of this, the farmer’s enthusiasm enhanced and great progress in agricultural productivity was achieved during this period.
这个时期农民的积极性还是提高了，农业生产也取得了巨大的进步。
At the same time, the government unified the coinage, nationalized the mints and standardized weights and measures.
同时，政府统一了货币和度量衡并使造币厂国有化。
Furthermore, Emperor Wen levied lower taxes on the farmers and merchants, greatly promoting the development of social economy.
不仅如此，隋文帝还减少了农民和商人需要交纳的税款，这极大地加快了国家经济的发展。
To improve means of transport between the south and north the construction of the Grand Canal was commenced and completed during the reigns of Emperor Wen and his son, Emperor Yang.
为了改善南北方之间的交通运输，隋文帝下令建造大运河，这条河开凿于隋文帝和他的儿子隋炀帝当政期间。

This great project connected the Yellow River with the Yangtze River and had the effect of greatly increasing cultural and economic exchange between the two areas.
这项伟大的工程将长江与黄河连接了起来，它对于加快这两片区域之间的文化与经济交流有显著成效。
Moreover, defense works such as the Great Wall, mainly the sections in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia areas, were built in this period to withstand the attack of Tujue (Turks) tribe.
此外，防御工程比如长城，主要是宁夏和内蒙古部分，这个时期得到了建设以抵抗突厥部落的进攻。