Northern and Southern Dynasties
南北朝
General
概况
Southern and Northern Dynasties（420—589) followed Jin Dynasty and preceded Sui Dynasty in China and was an age of civil wars and disunity.
南北朝（420——589）上乘晋朝下启宋朝，是一个充满内战与分裂割据的年代。
During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south.
在这个时代期间，北方的外族移民和南部的原住民内部的汉化进程加快。
This process was also accompanied by the increasing popularity of Buddhism (introduced into China in the first century A. D.) in both north and south China.
过程中还伴随着南北方佛教的兴起（于公元1世纪传入中国）。

Despite the political disunity of the times, there were notable technological advances.
尽管这个时代中国并没有取得政治上的统一，却出现了一些著名的科技进步。
The invention of gunpowder (at that time for use only in fireworks) and the wheelbarrow is believed to date from the sixth or seventh century.
火药（在那个时候仅用于烟火）和独轮手推车在16到17世纪间被发明。
Advances in medicine, astronomy, and cartography are also noted by historians.
史学家们还发现了在药品、天文学和制图学上的进步。