Zhuge Liang’s Northern Expeditions
诸葛亮北伐
At the end of Zhuge Liang’s southern campaign, the Wu-Shu alliance came to fruition and Shu was free to move against north.
诸葛亮南征结束之时，吴国和蜀国已经结成联军，蜀国因此能够抗击北方。
In 227 Zhuge Liang transferred his main Shu armies to Hanzhong, and opened up the battle for the northwest with Wei.
227年，诸葛亮将他的主要部队转移至汉中，与西北部的魏国展开战争。
The next year, he ordered the general Zhao Yun to attack from Ji Gorge as a diversion whilst Zhuge himself led the main force to Qishan.
一年后，他命大将赵云从冀侠出击以分散敌人的注意力，而自己则带领主要部队在祁山。
The vanguard Ma Su, however, suffered a tactical defeat at Jieting and the Shu army was forced to withdraw.
然而，先锋军马谡在街亭被敌人用战术击败，蜀军被迫撤回。
In the next six years Zhuge Liang attempted several more offensives, but supply problems limited the capacity for success.
在接下来的六年里，诸葛亮开展了多次攻击，但是供给问题限制了成功的可能性。

In 234 he led his last great northern offensive, reaching the Battle of Wuzhang Plains, south of the Wei River.
234年，他领导了最后一次北伐，在渭河北部的五丈原展开战斗。
Due to the death of Zhuge Liang (234 AD), however, the Shu army was forced once again to withdraw.
因为诸葛亮在同年去世，蜀国部队再一次被迫撤军。
Zhuge Liang had five attempts in the north， only one of which succeeded (Tianshui) where he gained Jiang Wei after a successful defection plot.
诸葛亮曾五次北伐，只有一次获得了胜利（于天水），在一场成功的阴谋叛变之后诸葛亮收复了姜维。
Zhuge Liang’s other attempts included Chencang， Mt. Qi, Jieting (supply campaign) and the Wuzhang Plains.
诸葛亮的其他出战包括陈仓、祁山、街亭（供给作战）以及五丈原之役。
There were also some other minor attempts to the north but they were considered as minor battles that had no major outcomes.
还有一些小战斗因为没有取得重要的成果而被认为是次要的。
After the death of Zhuge Liang, his assistant Jiang Wan took over.
诸葛亮病逝后，他的副将蒋琬取而代之。