5.Cap and Pipe
5.猎鹿帽和葫芦烟斗
Misconception: Holmes is always seen with a deerstalker cap and calabash pipe.
误解：人们常常认为福尔摩斯戴着猎鹿帽，抽着葫芦烟斗。

The popular conception of Holmes with his deerstalker cap and calabash pipe has become so common that it is considered an iconic part of Sherlock's Holmes persona. However, it is also a complete fabrication. The deerstalker cap and calabash pipe combo was made up for theater and has never been a part of Sherlock's normal outfit. The calabash pipe was originally used by the actor in one of the original Sherlock Holmes plays because it was easy to rest on his chest while he was talking. But in fictional reality, Holmes used a much different pipe. This might sound like nitpicking, but the calabash pipe and deerstalker cap combo have become synonymous with Sherlock Holmes, or detectives in general though it is entirely inaccurate.
福尔摩斯戴着猎鹿帽，抽着葫芦烟斗的形象已经深入人心，也成为福尔摩斯这个人物的一大特征。然而，这纯属虚构。这一形象是为了话剧编造的，福尔摩斯正常的装束也不是这样。葫芦烟斗最初是演员们在福尔摩斯的戏剧中使用的，因为在谈话的时候，这样子便于将手放在胸部。但在小说里，福尔摩斯用的是另一种烟斗。也许这听起来有点吹毛求疵，但是猎鹿帽和葫芦烟斗却已经成为了福尔摩斯，或者是一般侦探的代名词，尽管这一形象并不属实。

4.Middle-Aged
4.中年人
Misconception: Dr. Watson and Sherlock Holmes are middle-aged gentlemen.
误解: 华生和福尔摩斯是中等年纪的绅士。

In popular culture many people view Sherlock Holmes and his friend Dr. Watson as somewhere around middle age, getting older and quite experienced. It's fairly easy to make this mistake, because Dr. Watson had already served in the war and was a skilled doctor, and Holmes had created quite a reputation for himself. However, Holmes and Watson were actually both quite young, in their early twenties for most of their adventures. Holmes and Dr. Watson were close in age, and Holmes was said to be born in 1854 and Dr. Watson met him in 1881. Most of their adventures spanned the first few years they became friends, which would place them in their late twenties and still quite young. The explanation for how they could accomplish so much at a young age is very simple; they were both brilliant young men. While Dr. Watson is easily overshadowed by his friend, he was quite an intelligent man, very skilled at practicing medicine and conducted himself very well during the war.
在大众文化中，许多人认为福尔摩斯和华生是中年人，老练成熟。犯这种错误也算正常，因为华生医生在战争中服过役，是一名技巧熟练的医生，福尔摩斯也是小有名气。但是，实际上福尔摩斯和华生医生非常年轻，在大多数的冒险中才二十几岁。他们两人年龄相近，据说福尔摩斯出生于1854年，华生在1881年遇到了他。他们成为朋友的早些年他们经历了大多数的冒险，大约二十八九的年纪，还是非常年轻。他们何以年纪青青就有如此成就？原因非常简单：他们才华横溢。虽然华生医生很容易在福尔摩斯的阴影下，但他也是非常聪明的一个人，医术精湛，在战争期间表现优异。

3.Short Cases
3.破案时间短
Misconception: He never spent more than a couple months on a case and retired relatively young.
误解: 他从没有在一个案子上花上几个多月的时间，在相对年轻的时候就退休了。

There is some truth to this; Holmes solved most cases with extraordinary speed. And he had intended to retire young. Holmes had retired to a quiet life of studying bees and even published what he called "the magnum opus of his latter years," which was a book about his observations learned from beekeeping. However, the government had a problem; they were losing information to the other side and losing agents and could not figure out who was behind it. After several high up government officials intervened, Holmes finally agreed to take the case in the story His Last Bow. In the end Holmes catches up with the German secret agent who was causing all the trouble, and teams up with Dr. Watson for the final act. He reveals to Dr. Watson that his plan to defeat the German agent was so convoluted it involved him joining an Irish secret society in America for two full years, just to get at one agent. We can safely say that Holmes was nothing if not thorough.
其中也有几分真实；福尔摩斯解决大多数案件的速度都是惊人的快。而且他也有意早点退休。他退居幕后，开始了研究蜜蜂的安静生活，甚至出版了他所谓的"晚年杰作"，一本关于他在养蜂时观察蜜蜂的书。但是，政府遇到了困难；他们失去了另一边的情报，情报员也一个个死去，不知道幕后主谋是谁。在一些高层政府官员介入之后，福尔摩斯才答应接下案子 ，这个故事就是《最后的致意》。最终福尔摩斯抓住了制造各种麻烦的德国间谍并与华生一起展开了最后的行动。他向华生透露他击败德国间谍的计划非常复杂，甚至包括他加入爱尔兰的秘密组织，在美国待上整整两年的时间，仅仅为了抓一名间谍。我们可以有把握地说："福尔摩斯不达目的誓不罢休，不然就不是福尔摩斯了。"

2.Irene Adler
2.艾琳·艾德勒
Misconception: Irene Adler was Sherlock's love interest.
误解：艾琳·艾德勒是福尔摩斯的爱慕对象。

Many movies and TV specials felt that to increase viewer eyeballs, they needed to give Sherlock Holmes a love interest. We can see a dramatized example of this in the recent films where Robert Downey Jr plays a bisexual, eccentric playboy who is in love with both Irene Adler and his friend Dr. Watson. Holmes had an ongoing love affair with Irene Adler, so it was perfect, right? Except that is completely untrue. Irene Adler is only mentioned in one story, A Scandal in Bohemia, and the only thing she says to him is "Good-night, Mister Sherlock Holmes," while disguised as a passerby. Sherlock later describes her as "the woman," but only because she was the only woman to ever best him at anything. He respected her intellect, but had no romantic inclinations toward her and we never hear of her again. If you need any more evidence, Arthur Conan Doyle described Sherlock Holmes as "inhuman as a Babbage's calculating machine," and felt his famous detective was not at all interested in romance.
许多电影和电视剧认为为了吸引观众的眼球，他们有必要赋予福尔摩斯一个爱慕的对象。在最近的一些影片中，我们可以看到一个典型的例子。小罗伯特·唐尼出演的福尔摩斯是一个行为古怪的花花公子。他还是双性恋，爱上了艾琳·艾德勒和他的朋友华生医生。他一直与艾琳·艾德勒闹绯闻，很完美，不是吗？除了这并不是事实之外。艾琳·艾德勒只在《波西米亚丑闻》中有所提及而且她伪装成过路人，对福尔摩斯只说过一句话"晚安，福尔摩斯先生"。后来福尔摩斯称她为"那位女士"，但这仅仅是因为她是唯一一位比他还厉害的女人。他尊重她的才能但对她毫无爱意，后来我们也没听说过她的消息。如果你需要更多的证据，作者柯南·道尔把福尔摩斯描述为"冷漠的巴贝奇计算机"，对爱情完全没有兴趣。

1.Professor Moriarty
1.莫里亚蒂教授
Misconception: Professor James Moriarty was his arch-enemy.
误解：莫里亚蒂教授是福尔摩斯的死敌。

Contrary to the popular notion that has been ingrained in us by so many television series and movies on the subject, Professor Moriarty was hardly Sherlock Holmes arch-nemesis. Moriarty actually only appears in one story, The Final Problem, he is also mentioned briefly in The Valley of Fear but only in the vein of giving paid consultation to other criminals. As far as him facing off against Holmes there is really no such evidence of it ever happening, apart from their famous battle at the Reichenbach falls. In fact, Arthur Conan Doyle had tired of the character of Holmes and wanted to move on to other projects, so he mainly just made up the conflict between Moriarty and Holmes so he could kill his most famous character, but the fans raised such an outcry that he reluctantly brought the detective back from the dead. Hardly has there ever been a character with so much popularity that people wore black armbands in the streets to mourn his death.
许多关于福尔摩斯的电视剧和电影都灌输着莫里亚蒂教授是福尔摩斯的死敌的这种观点，但事实恰恰相反，莫里亚蒂教授根本就不是福尔摩斯的死敌。莫里亚蒂教授只出现在《最后一案》中，在《恐怖谷》中也有简单提及，但只是因为收了其他罪犯的钱给他们做做咨询而已。至于莫里亚蒂教授挑战福尔摩斯根本就毫无证据可言，且不说他们在赖兴巴赫瀑布的著名对决了。事实上，柯南·道尔已经厌倦了福尔摩斯这个人物，想要把主题换成别的人物，所以他编造了莫里亚蒂教授和福尔摩斯之间的冲突，这样他就可以把最著名的人物写死，但是粉丝们强烈抗议他才不得不将福尔摩斯"死而复生"。很少有一个人物如此地受人欢迎，以至于人们都带上黑色的臂章在大街上纷纷哀悼他的死亡。

翻译：高陈影 编辑：陈艳冲 来源：前十网