The Hemudu Culture

河姆渡文化

The Hemudu culture (5000 BC to 4500 BC) was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao, Zhejiang, China.

河姆渡文化（公元前5000年——公元前4500年）兴起于江南杭州湾的南部，也就是今天的中国浙江省余姚市。

The site at Hemudu was discovered in 1973.

河姆渡遗址与1973年被发现。

Hemudu sites were also discovered on the islands of Zhoushan.

河姆渡文化同样在舟山群岛被发现。

The Hemudu culture co-existed with the Majiabang culture as two separate and distinct cultures, with cultural transmissions between the two.

河姆渡文化与马家浜文化以两种分离且不同的文化共存并互相交流。

Two major floods caused the nearby Yaojiang River to change its course and inundated the soil with salt, forcing the people of Hemudu to abandon its settlements.

两次大洪水使附近的姚江河改变了它的河道，土地被盐淹没，迫使河姆渡人民放弃他们的居住。

The Hemudu people lived in long, stilt houses.

河姆渡人住在又长又高的支柱支撑的房子里。

The Hemudu culture is one of the earliest cultures to cultivate rice.

河姆渡文化是最早种植水稻的文化之一。

Most of the artifacts discovered at Hemudu consist of animal bones, exemplified by hoes made of shoulder bones used for cultivating rice.

大多数在河姆渡被发现的手工艺品由骨头组成，例如用于种植水稻的由肩骨制成的锄头。

The culture also produced lacquer wood.

这个文化同样制造漆木。

The remains of various plants, including water caltrop, Nelumbo nucifera, acorns, beans, Gorgon euryale and brottle gourd, were found at Hemudu.

无数植物的遗迹，包括菱角、荷花、橡树果实、豆子、芡实和葫芦在河姆渡被发现。

The Hemudu people likeed domesticated pigs, water buffalo and dogs.

河姆渡人喜欢家养的猪、水牛和狗。

The people at Hemudu also fished and hunted, as evidence by the remains of bone harpoons and bows and arrowheads.

从骨叉、弓和箭头的遗迹看来，河姆渡人也会捕鱼和打猎。

Music instruments, such as bone whistles and wooden drums, were also found at Hemudu.

一些乐器例如骨哨和木鼓同样在河姆渡被发现.

The culture produced a thick, porous pottery.

这种文化制造了一种厚的、有孔能渗水的陶器。

The distinct pottery was typically black and made with charcoal powder.

这种独特的陶器呈深黑色，由木炭粉制成。

Plant and geometric designs were commonly painted onto the pottery; the pottery was sometimes also cord-marked.

通常，植物和几何的图案会被绘制到陶器上。有些时候，陶器也会被绳索标记。

The culture also produced carved jade ornaments, carved ivory artifacts and small, clay figurines.