10.Rattlesnake
10.响尾蛇
The only snake from the Americas on the list, the Rattlesnake is easily identifiable by the tell tale rattle on the end of its tail. They are actually a part of the Pit Viper family, and are capable of striking at up to 2/3rd their body length. The Eastern Diamondback in considered the most venomous species in North America. Surprisingly, juveniles are considered more dangerous than adults, due to their inability to control the amount of venom injected. Most species of rattlesnakes have hemotoxic venom, destroying tissue, degenerating organs and causing coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). Some degree of permanent scarring is very likely in the event of a venomous bite, even with prompt, effective treatment, and can lead to the loss of a limb or death. Difficulty breathing, paralysis, drooling and massive hemorrhaging are also common symptoms. Thus, a rattlesnake bite is always a potentially fatal injury. Untreated rattlesnake bites, especially from larger species, are very often fatal. However, antivenin, when applied in time, reduces the death rate to less than 4%
这是排行榜上唯一来自美国的蛇，响尾蛇极易通过它尾巴顶端的响环来识别。响尾蛇是蝮蛇家族的一份子，并且它们的攻击距离可以达到身体长度的三分之二。东部菱斑响尾蛇在北美被认为是最毒的种类。令人吃惊的是，幼蛇被认为比成年蛇更危险，因为它们拥有控制毒液注入量的能力。大多数种类的响尾蛇分泌的毒液含有溶血毒素，会破坏血液组织功能，减弱器官功能，导致凝血障碍（中断血液凝结）。被毒蛇咬后，即使有及时的、有效的治疗也极易留下某种程度上的永久性伤疤，并且可能导致截肢或死亡。呼吸困难、麻痹、流口水和大出血也是中毒常见的症状。因此，响尾蛇咬伤始终是一个潜在的致命伤害。未经处理的响尾蛇咬伤通常是致命的，尤其是来自较大的物种。但是，及时注射抗蛇毒血清可将死亡率降低到低于4%。

9.Death Adder
9.南棘蛇

The appropriately named Death Adder is found in Australia and New Guinea. They actually hunt and kill other snakes, including some on this list, usually via ambush. Death Adders look quite similar to vipers, in that they have triangular shaped heads and short, squat bodies. They typically inject around 40-100mg of venom with an LD of 0.4mg-0.5mg/kg. An untreated Death Adder bite is one of the most dangerous in the world. The venom is a neurotoxin. A bite causes paralysis and can cause death within 6 hours, due to respiratory failure. Symptoms generally peak within 24-48 hours. Antivenin is very successful in treating a bite from a Death Adder, particularly due to the relatively slow progression of symptoms, but before its development, a Death Adder bite had a fatality rate of 50%. With the quickest strike in the world, a Death Adder can go from strike position to striking and back again within 0.13 of a second.
在澳大利亚和新几内亚可以发现南棘蛇的踪影。实际上，他们经常通过伏击来猎杀其他蛇类，包括在这排行榜中的一些蛇。因为他们都有三角形状的头和粗短的身体，所以南棘蛇看上去与蝰蛇十分相似。南棘蛇通常注入大约40 ～100毫克的毒液含有0.4毫克～ 0.5毫克/千克LD。未经处理的南棘蛇咬伤是世界上最危险的伤之一。南棘蛇的毒液是一种神经毒素。被南棘蛇咬一口会引起麻痹并会在6小时内由于呼吸衰竭而死亡。中毒症状通常在24 ～48小时内达到最高峰。抗蛇毒血清治疗南棘蛇咬伤是非常有效的，特别是那些症状进展相对缓慢的，但是在其扩散之前，由南棘蛇造成的死亡率可达到50%。南棘蛇拥有世界上最快的攻击速度，它可以在0.13秒内完成攻击并回到攻击位置。

8.Vipers
8.蝰蛇

Vipers are found throughout most of the world, but arguably the most venomous is the Saw Scaled Viper and the Chain Viper, found primarily in the Middle East and Central Asia, particularly India, China and South East Asia. Vipers are quick tempered and generally nocturnal, often active after rains. They are also very fast. Most of these species have venom that cause symptoms that begin with pain at the site of the bite, immediately followed by swelling of the affected extremity. Bleeding is a common symptom, especially from the gums. There is a drop in blood pressure and the heart rate falls. Blistering occurs at the site of the bite, developing along the affected limb in severe cases. Necrosis is usually superficial and limited to the muscles near the bite, but may be severe in extreme cases. Vomiting and facial swelling occurs in about one-third of all cases. Severe pain may last for 2-4 weeks. Often, local swelling peaks within 48-72 hours, involving the affected limb. Discoloration may occur throughout the swollen area as red blood cells and plasma leak into muscle tissue. Death from septicaemia, respiratory or cardiac failure may occur 1 to 14 days post-bite, or even later.
蝰蛇遍布世界的大部分地方，但是据证明最毒的是锯状鳞片蝰蛇和链蝰蛇，主要分布在中东和中亚地区，尤其是印度、中国和东南亚。蝰蛇脾气急躁且一般在夜间行动，降雨后十分活跃。他们行动也非常迅速。大多数此种蛇的毒液会引起以下症状，开始时被咬处出现疼痛，紧随其后的是患肢肿痛。出血是一种常见症状，尤其是牙龈。血压下降，心率下降。被咬伤处产生气泡，在严重的情况下会随着患肢扩展。坏死通常发生在表皮和被咬周围一定范围内的肌肉处，但在极端情况下可能会十分严重。大约三分之一的病例会呕吐和面部肿胀。剧烈的疼痛可能会持续2～4周。通常情况下，局部肿胀的高峰期在48 ～ 72小时内，包括患肢。因为红细胞和血浆渗漏到肌肉组织，整个肿区域可能会变色。患者在被咬后1 ～14天或更晚可能会死于败血症、呼吸衰竭或心脏衰竭。

7.Philippine Cobra
7.菲律宾眼镜蛇

Most species of Cobra would not make this list; however the Philippine Cobra is the exception. Drop for drop, its venom is the most deadly of all the Cobra species, and they are capable of spitting it up to 3 metres. The venom is a neurotoxin which affects cardiac and respiratory function, and can cause neurotoxicity, respiratory paralysis and death in thirty minutes. The bite causes only minimal tissue damage. The neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuro-muscular junctions near the muscles. The symptoms might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, collapse and convulsions.
除了菲律宾眼镜蛇，大多数种类的眼镜蛇都不在这个排行榜上。下降到微量，菲律宾眼镜蛇的毒液是所有眼镜蛇毒液中最致命的，并且它们能够将毒液喷出3米远。菲律宾眼镜蛇的毒液是一种影响心脏和呼吸系统功能的神经毒素，并且能够引起神经中毒，使中毒者在三十分钟因呼吸系统瘫痪而死亡。咬伤只造成最小限度的组织损伤。然而，神经毒素会通过附在肌肉周围的神经肌肉交接处来阻断神经信号的传输。中毒表征有头痛、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、头晕、眩晕和抽搐。

6.Tiger Snake
6.虎蛇

Found in Australia, the Tiger snake has a very potent neurotoxic venom. Death from a bite can occur within 30 minutes, but usually takes 6-24 hours. Prior to the development of antivenin, the fatality rate from Tiger snakes was 60-70%. Symptoms can include localized pain in the foot and neck region, tingling, numbness and sweating, followed by a fairly rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis. The Tiger snake will generally flee if encountered, but can become aggressive when cornered. It strikes with unerring accuracy.
分布在澳大利亚的虎蛇具有毒性非常强烈的能够毒害神经的毒液。在被咬伤30分钟内死亡就会发生，但毒性通常会潜伏6 ～24小时。抗蛇毒血清未被发明之前，由虎蛇造成的死亡率达到60 ～ 70%。中毒症状包括脚和颈部区域的局部疼痛、刺痛、麻木和出汗，紧随其后的是迅速出现呼吸困难和局部肢体瘫痪。如果遇到人，虎蛇一般会逃走，但是在被逼急的时候它就会变得十分凶猛。并且，它的攻击十分准确。

翻译:程好 来源：前十网