In a break from Royal protocol, the Duchess of Cambridge has taken Princess Charlotte's first official portraits herself - and released them on Twitter via the Kensington Palace account.
在一场皇家礼仪聚会间歇期，凯特王妃(Kate Middleton)亲自给夏洛特公主拍下第一组官方照片——并通过推特（Twitter）肯辛顿宫（Kensington Palace）账号发布。
Warming the hearts of the nation, the series of pictures see a gorgeous Prince George proudly holding his tiny little sister, with beaming smiles for the camera.
这组照片中，俊朗的乔治王子自豪地抱着小妹妹，对着镜头开心微笑。照片一经发布立刻暖化全体英国民众的心。
But just how did Kate get her pictures looking so professional? We asked professional children's photographer Glenda Tarling for some expert tips.

但为什么凯特王妃拍的照片看起来如此专业？为此，我们向专业儿童摄影师格伦达·塔林（Glenda Tarling）询问了一些专业拍照技巧。

THE LIGHTING

光线
'Judging by the amount of natural light flooding into the pictures, it's likely Kate took the shots next to a large window. And most likely without using any flash,' says Glenda, who runs GR Tarling Photography.
格伦达说，“从照片中强烈的自然光线判断，凯特王妃很可能选择了在一扇大窗附近作为拍摄地，且很可能没有使用闪光。”
With it's gentle brightness, using natural light rather than artificial lighting equipment can often result in the best family photographs.
自然光线亮度柔和，因此要拍出的完美的家庭照，选择自然光线要胜过人工照明设备。
'The pictures have a very lifestyle feel to them, this wasn't taken in a studio,' notes the photographer, who along with her husband Dave, has been taking creative shots of families and their children for the past three years.
格伦达与丈夫戴夫（Dave）在过去三年给许多家庭拍过有创意的亲子照。她表示，“这些照片散发着满满的生活气息，肯定不是在工作室里拍的。”
'Looking at the way the shadows are falling, it's most likely that the Duchess has simply positioned the chair looking towards a big window on a nice and bright day.'
“从阴影判断，那天天气晴朗，光线明亮，王妃很可能只是将椅子对着一扇大窗，拍下这组照片。”
THE CAMERA
照相机
Although smart phones and tablets now carry increasingly good quality cameras, Glenda says it's unlikely that Kate used anything other than a DLSR (digital single-lens reflex) camera.
虽然现在智能手机和平板电脑的照相功能也十分强大，但格伦达认为，凯特使用的应该是数码单反相机。
'The depth of field in some of the pictures makes me think she has used a mid-range DSLR, like a Canon D6 or a Nikon D610.'

“根据这些照片的景深，我猜测她用的是中端单反，像佳能（Canon）D6或者尼康（Nikon）D610。”

'If she's into photography, she probably owns something like that. The iPhone and iPad cameras are quite sharp these days, but not like this.'

“如果她热爱摄影，应该有相关设备。近来的苹果手机和苹果平板相机色彩强烈，但未能达到这样的效果。”
'With these kinds of cameras you can change the lenses as and when you need to, Kate perhaps used a 35mm or 50mm lens for these shots.'
“用这类相机，你可以随时根据需要改变镜头，凯特使用的可能是35mm或50mm镜头。”

THE TECHNIQUE

技巧
Glenda notes how in one of the shots, the background is slightly burred. Which, she says, helps to pull the viewer's focus straight into the eyes of Prince George and Princess Charlotte.This is a technique called Maximum Aperture, and is done by adjusting the settings on your digital camera to let more light pass through the lens.

格伦达介绍了其中一张照片如何将背景弱化，使观众一眼就被乔治王子和夏洛特公主的眼睛吸引住。这种技巧称为“最大光圈”，通过调整数码相机设置，让更多光线进入镜头，便可完成。

'It looks as though Kate has let more light in with a wide aperture, to get that blurred effect you can see on George's shoes and in the background,' says Glenda.

格伦达说道，“看起来凯特使用了一个大光圈吸收更多光线，将乔治王子的鞋子及背景模糊化。”
'She has definitely used technique there, so that the foreground - in this case her children - becomes sharper.'
“她肯定使用了一些拍摄技巧，这样前景——在这里就是她的宝宝——就会更突出。”
THE PROPS
道具
Children are much more likely to appear relaxed and comfortable when their parents are around, so the fact that Kate is taking the picture will have helped immensely in these shots, says Glenda.
格伦达称，父母在身边时，小孩更容易呈现放松舒适的状态，因此，由凯特王妃亲自拍照也起到了极大作用。
But use of props are essential to a good family portrait too.
但道具的使用在拍摄完美全家福时也是必不可少的。
'We can see that Kate has used pillows to prop them up, which is a great idea,' says Glenda.

“我们可以看到，凯特将枕头作为道具，这真是个好主意。”格伦达表示。

THE POSES

姿势
With their mother behind the camera, it's likely George and Charlotte's relaxed poses came far more naturally than they might on a professional shoot.
比起专业拍摄，在母亲面前，乔治王子和夏洛特公主的姿势显得更放松自然。
But, says Glenda, for an arrangement like Kate's it's important that the older sibling has had plenty of practice holding the baby.
但格伦达也表示，凯特给孩子们安排这样的姿势，哥哥之前肯定练习了无数次抱好妹妹的姿势，这一点很重要。
'It looks as though George has spent plenty of time with his sister and holding her,' says Glenda.
“看起来乔治常跟妹妹待在一起，并且经常抱她。”格伦达说道。
'We often try this kind of pose at shoots, sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. They both need to feel comfortable.'
“我们经常尝试拍摄这种姿势，有时顺利，有时并不奏效。两个小孩都必须感到舒适才能顺利拍摄。”
'Patience is really the key thing behind capturing the perfect shot. If your children have an expression they often make for example, you need to be prepared to wait and pause until they make that.'
“捕捉完美镜头，很重要的一点是需要耐心。比如，你的小孩经常出现某个表情，那么你需要耐心等待，并摆好镜头，捕捉他们的那一刻。”
THE OUTFITS
服装
Once again, it appears Prince George is wearing the perfect outfit, as contrasting colours often photograph best.

再一次，对于镜头来说，乔治王子的服装无可挑剔，对比色总能拍出最完美照片。

'White is a very reflective colour and so sometimes you may need to retouch pictures if it comes out very bleached' says Glenda.

格伦达介绍，“白色反射性很强，所以如果照片洗出来太白，你就要重新润饰一番。”
'But he's wearing blue socks with the white shirt and you can see how well they have come up in the pictures.'

“但他穿着蓝色长袜，白色衬衫，你可以看到这色彩搭配的多好。”

RETOUCHING

润饰
Had this been a professional shoot, Glenda says some photographers might have gently retouched the colour balance of the pictures.
这是一项专业拍摄技巧，格伦达称，一些摄影家可能会略微润饰照片的色彩平衡。
'We may have adjusted the highlights or toned down some of the areas that have been almost bleached with light and lost their detail - the pillows for example,' says Glenda.
“我们可能会调整加亮区，对于在光线下显得太白，几乎看不清细节的区域——比如枕头，我们会减弱亮度。”
This can take some expert know-how however, using computer programs like PhotoShop.
然而，这需要一些电脑软件专业知识，比如Photoshop。
'It doesn't look like Kate has done that, but personally, I think she's done a pretty good job with these pictures. They're beautiful and very natural, and that's what most of our clients are really interested in right now.'
“凯特好像没有使用到这个技巧，但我个人认为她拍出了非常完美的照片，很漂亮，很自然，这也是我们大多数客户真正想要的效果。”