5. Althea Gibson

5.爱尔西亚·吉布森

Althea Gibson was an African-American woman who achieved greatness in not one, but two sports: tennis and golf. She found her athletic calling during a tough childhood, which she spent mostly in the Harlem area of New York City. Gibson won a college scholarship in sports after winning numerous tournaments and championships. She was the first black woman to be invited to compete in Wimbledon in 1951. She won the French Open in 1956 and Wimbledon and U.S. Open titles in 1957 and 1958. She became a tennis professional in 1959.

爱尔西亚·吉布森是一位非裔美国女性，她不仅仅在一个领域，而是在两个体育领域：网球和高尔夫，都取得了卓越的成就。在艰难的童年时期，她在纽约哈姆雷特区度过了大部分时间，她发现了自己的体育梦。在赢得不计其数的比赛和冠军之后，吉布森获得了大学体育奖学金。1951年，她成为第一个被邀请参与温布顿网球巡回赛的黑人女性。1956年，她赢得了法网公开赛并于1957和1858年分别获得温布尔顿和美国公开赛冠军。1959年，她成为一名职业网球运动员。

Her brief professional golf career wasn't as successful as her tennis career, but Gibson nevertheless broke racial and gender barriers in golf as well. After retirement, Gibson was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1971. She served as the New Jersey Commissioner of Athletics and a member of the governor's council of fitness. Gibson died of respiratory failure in 2003.

她短暂的职业高尔夫生涯并不如网球那般成功，不过吉布森打破了高尔夫比赛中的种族和性别歧视。退役以后，吉布森于1971年被列入国际网球名人堂。她担任新泽西州经济委员和健身总督理事会的成员。2003年，吉布森死于呼吸衰竭。

4. Frederick “Fritz” Pollard

4. 弗雷德里克·弗里兹·波拉德

One of the first black trailblazers of professional football, Frederick Douglass “Fritz” Pollard established a series of firsts. He was the NFL's first African-American coach and the first black person to play in the Rose Bowl (in 1915). This athletically gifted Chicagoan attended Brown University on a scholarship from the Rockefeller family in 1915. He played for the Akron Pros in the American Professional Football League (which was renamed the NFL in 1922) and won a championship for them in 1920.

作为黑人职业橄榄球运动员开拓者之一，弗雷德里克·道格拉斯·弗里兹·波拉德建立了一系列的第一次。他是国家橄榄球联盟第一个非裔美国教练，也是第一个在玫瑰碗球场打球的黑人（1915年）。这位芝加哥体育天才获得了洛克菲勒家族奖学金，于1915年就读布朗大学。他效力于美国职业橄榄球联盟（1922年更名国家橄榄球联盟）亚克朗市职业橄榄球队并于1920年获得冠军。

In 1921, Pollard became head coach while still playing pro. He coached NFL teams in Indiana and Milwaukee until the NFL segregated the organization in 1926. Pollard fought back against the NFL's decision until 1937, when he retired to pursue a career in business. Though the NFL discontinued segregation in 1946, actual integration didn't occur until 1962 when Bobby Mitchell signed on with the Washington Redskins. Pollard died in 1986. Three years later, Art Shell became the first black coach (for the Oakland Raiders) in the contemporary NFL. Pollard was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005.

1921年，当波拉德还是职业选手的时候，他当上了总教练。他指导美国橄榄球队印第安纳州和密尔沃基市球队，直到1926年美国橄榄球队分离出该组织。波拉德一直反对美国橄榄球队的决定，直到1937年退役，他开始在商业中追求自己的职业生涯。尽管1946年美国橄榄球队宣布分裂，直到1962年博比·米切尔（Bobby Mitchell）与美国红人队签约真正的联合才得以实现。波拉德死于1986年。三年以后，阿特·谢尔（Art Shell）成为当时的美国橄榄球队的第一个黑人教练（效力奥克兰突袭者）。2005年，波拉德被列入名人堂。

3. Babe Didrikson Zaharias

3. 蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亚斯

Babe Didrikson Zaharias defied traditional femininity and proved that women can make exceptional athletes. As "the World's Greatest Woman Athlete," Zaharias dominated tennis, track and field, basketball, golf and baseball. Born Mildred Ella Didrikson, Zaharias got the nickname "Babe" after baseball great Babe Ruth, reflecting her baseball abilities. Her participation in several sports at Beaumont High School in Beaumont, Texas was varied and exemplary. She won two gold medals and a silver medal in track and field at the 1932 Olympics.

蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亚斯挑战了传统的女性形象，证明了女性也可以成为无与伦比的运动员。作为“世界上最伟大的女子运动员”，札哈里亚斯擅长网球、田径、篮球、高尔夫和棒球。札哈里亚斯，原名米尔德里德·艾拉·迪得瑞克森（Mildred Ella Didrikson），她以伟大的棒球运动员贝比·鲁斯给自己取了个昵称“贝比”，这也反映了她的棒球技艺。她德克萨斯州博蒙特镇的博蒙特高中参与多项体育运动，堪称典范。在1932年的奥林匹克田径竞赛中她获得两枚金牌和一枚银牌。

Though very athletically talented, it was said that golf was her sport. She won 82 tournaments, including amateur and professional, and was a founding member of the Ladies Professional Golf Association. She met her husband, professional wrestler George Zaharias, while playing golf; they married in 1938. She died from colon cancer in 1956 at age 45. Among Babe Didrikson Zaharias's legacy are a museum dedicated to her in Beaumont and topping several greatest athlete lists in the media.

尽管在体育上具有天赋，可以说高尔夫才真正是她的运动。包括业余和专业比赛，她赢得了82次锦标赛，是女子职业高尔夫联合会的创始成员之一。在比赛中，她遇到了她的丈夫，专业摔跤运动员乔治亚·札哈里亚斯（George Zaharias）；他们于1938年结婚。1956年45岁时她死于肠癌。在蓓比·迪得瑞克森·札哈里亚斯的遗产之中有一个献给她的博物馆，位于博蒙特镇，超越了媒体名单上其他几名最伟大的运动员。

2. Muhammad Ali

2. 默罕默德·阿里

Two major media outlets, the BBC and Sports Illustrated, named Ali Sportsman of the 20th Century. He was recognized as one of the most famous faces of the last century, and he made his personality — in which he famously boasted he could “float like a butterfly, sting like a bee” — as big as his boxing skills. There has been no one like Muhammad Ali.

两家主要媒体英国广播公司和体育画报将阿里命名为 20 世纪最佳运动员。他被公认为上个世纪最著名的面孔之一，并且他的个性像他的拳击技巧一样闻名——正如他自我吹捧那样，“像蝴蝶一样移动，像蜜蜂一样出击”。

Born Cassius Clay Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1942, Ali first trained as a boy after his bicycle got stolen and said he wanted to “whup” the thief. Five years later, in 1959, he became a Golden Gloves champion and an Olympic medalist in 1960. After the Olympics, he turned pro and was unbeatable throughout the 1960s, becoming the heavyweight champion of the world.

1942年出生于肯塔基州路易斯维尔市，原名卡修斯·克莱（Cassius Clay Jr.）。阿里的自行车被盗后，他想要“叫板”那些小偷，此后他开始拳击训练。五年后，1959 年，他成为了金手套冠军和在 1960 年成为奥运金牌得主。奥运会之后，成为职业选手。20 世纪 60 年代期间，他战无不胜，成为世界重量级拳击冠军。

In 1964, he adapted the name Muhammad Ali ("Praiseworthy One") after joining the Nation of Islam. He cited his faith as the reason for refusing to fight in the Vietnam War; this decision stirred controversy that took a hit to his career. Making a comeback in 1970, Ali reclaimed victory in elaborately named matches set in exotic locations like the “Rumble in the Jungle” against George Foreman in Zaire and the “Thrilla in Manila” against Joe Frazier in the Philippines. He announced his retirement in 1981 after experiencing some defeats. Since then, the continuously active Ali has supported and donated to numerous charities and received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005.

1964 年，他皈依伊斯兰，后更名为穆罕默德 · 阿里 （“值得称赞的人”) 。他以信仰为由拒绝参加越南战争；这个决定引起了广泛争议并对他的职业生涯造成了沉重的打击。1970年阿里卷土重来，经过精心命名的异国比赛 “丛林大战”和“马尼拉的震撼”，阿里重获胜利。“丛林大战”中，阿里在扎伊尔（Zaire）挑战乔治·福尔曼（George Foreman）；“马尼拉的震撼”中，他在菲律宾战胜乔·弗雷泽（Joe Frazier）。经历数次失败之后，1981年他宣布退出拳坛。此后，阿里持续积极支持慈善事业并大量捐赠，并于2005年获得总统自由勋章。

1. Jackie Robinson

1.杰基·罗宾森

At the time Brooklyn Dodgers President Branch Rickey invited Jackie Robinson to join the Major League Baseball team in 1947, the MLB hadn't had an African American play for it since its segregation in 1889. Jackie Robinson's legendary decade-long baseball career included winning six pennants and one World Series Championship for his team. He was recognized as the National League Rookie of the Year, Most Valuable Player of the Year and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.

那时，布鲁克林道奇队总经理布兰奇·瑞基（Branch Rickey）邀请杰基·罗宾森1947年加入美国职棒大联盟。自从1889年黑白球员分离政策会后，美国职棒大联盟就没有一个非裔美国人。杰基·罗宾森长达十年的传奇棒球生涯包括为他的团队获得6次锦旗和一次世界大赛冠军。他是公认的新人王，年度最有价值球员，并于1962年被列入棒球名人堂。

Long after his death in 1972, Robinson has never left the American consciousness. The world honored him in 1997, the 50th anniversary of his signing with the Dodgers. He was featured on a commemorative stamp, was made the subject of a 2011 biopic starring Harrison Ford as Rickey and Chadwick Boseman as Robinson, and starred in a 2014 Mazda3 commercial, the greatest of all honors.

罗宾森于1972年逝世，但很久以来，他一直被人们铭记于心。人们在1997年举办了盛大的纪念仪式，纪念他与道奇队签约50周年。他作为特写，登上了以2013年传记电影《42号传奇》为主题制作的邮票上。该电影以罗宾森为原型，由哈里森·福特饰演Branch Rickey；查德威克·波兹曼饰演罗宾森本人。

注：本文转载自前十网，译者：杉杉