Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg topped the list of US philanthropists who opened their cheque books to make big donations in 2013, with his gift of almost $1bn to a Silicon Valley charity.
在2013年慷慨捐赠的美国慈善家中，Facebook创始人马克•扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)荣登首位——他向硅谷一家慈善机构捐款近10亿美元。
Mr Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan, his wife, gave 18m Facebook shares worth about $990m to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation in December, nearly 30 per cent of the $3.4bn total given to charity last year.
去年12月，扎克伯格和他的妻子普莉希拉•陈(Priscilla Chan)向硅谷社区基金会(Silicon Valley Community Foundation)捐出价值约9.90亿美元的1800万股Facebook股票，占到了去年全美34亿美元慈善捐款总额的近30%。
The gift – to a charity which works to support the neighbourhood where Facebook has its headquarters – marks the first time a philanthropist under the age of 30 has given the largest single donation. Mr Zuckerberg ranked second in 2012 behind Warren Buffett.
这笔捐款标志着，扎克伯格成为首位捐出最大单笔捐款的30岁以下慈善家。而捐赠对象硅谷社区基金会负责支持Facebook总部所在地的社区发展。在2012年美国慈善家排行榜上，扎克伯格排在第二位，仅次于沃伦•巴菲特(Warren Buffett)。
Last year also saw a rise in the number of donations of more than $100m, with 14 US citizens including Michael Bloomberg and David Koch giving at least that sum, according to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, which compiled the list. This compares with 11 who gave more than $100m in 2012.
此外，根据编制该榜单的《慈善纪事报》(Chronicle of Philanthropy)的数据，2013年，超过1亿美元的捐款笔数增加，有14位美国公民的捐款不低于1亿美元，包括迈克尔•布隆伯格(Michael Bloomberg)和大卫•科赫(David Koch)。2012年为11位。
Stacy Palmer, the Chronicle’s editor, said the rise in large gifts was a sign of the improvement in the economy and the stock market. She said it made her “optimistic” that 2014 could be a strong year for philanthropy.
《慈善纪事报》编辑斯泰西•帕尔默(Stacy Palmer)表示，大额捐款笔数的增加表明经济和股市均出现好转。她表示，这让她对2014年慈善事业可能红红火火感到“乐观”。
“I think this is a good sign. I’ve noticed a lot of non-profits saying their end of year fundraising has gone well, which was not the case in the past few years when it was a real struggle,” she said.
她表示：“我觉得这是一个很好的迹象。我注意到，很多非盈利机构都表示它们的年终筹款进展顺利，而在过去几年则不同，当时筹款确实很难。”
But gifts are not yet back to the level seen before the recession, with a total of $4.1bn donated in 2007.
然而，捐款总额尚未回到衰退前的水平，2007年的捐款总额为41亿美元。
Mr Zuckerberg is “remarkably young” for such a large donation, which follows another gift of shares worth $500m to the same foundation last year, Ms Palmer said.
帕尔默表示，对于如此巨额的捐款而言，扎克伯格“异常年轻”，他曾在2012年向同一家基金会捐出价值5亿美元的股票。
“One of the things that is interesting about the Zuckerberg gifts is he is giving to a community foundation which supports lots of different causes, instead of setting up his own foundation in his name . . . like Gates, Carnegie or Rockefeller,” she said.
她表示：“扎克伯格捐款的一个有趣之处在于，他把钱捐给了一家支持多种不同事业的社区基金会，而不是像盖茨(Gates)、卡内基(Carnegie)和洛克菲勒(Rockefeller)那样，以自己的名义创建基金会。”
Mr Zuckerberg’s donation comes at a time of tension between the technology industry and other communities in the Bay Area, some of which have protested about the affluent tech workers pushing up rents.
在扎克伯格慷慨解囊之际，美国湾区(Bay Area)科技行业正与当地的其他社区关系出现紧张，一些社区抗议富有的科技从业人员推高了租金。
Ms Palmer added other technology billionaires were also making large donations, often focusing on education or scientific advances, but many preferred to give anonymously.
帕尔默补充称，科技界的其他亿万富翁也有大笔捐款，他们通常关注教育或科学进步，但很多人更喜欢匿名捐赠。
Phil Knight, chairman of Nike, and his wife were the second-largest givers in the US in 2013 with their pledge of $500m to the Oregon Health & Science University Foundation for cancer research.
在美国2013年慈善家排行榜上，耐克(Nike)董事长菲尔•奈特(Phil Knight)和妻子排在第二位，他们向俄勒冈健康与科学大学基金会(Oregon Health & Science University Foundation)捐款5亿美元，用于癌症研究。
Mr Knight was followed by Michael Bloomberg, former mayor of New York, who pledged $350m to his alma mater, Johns Hopkins University, to promote cross-disciplinary work and for student financial aid.
排在奈特后面的是前纽约市长迈克尔•布隆伯格，他向他的母校约翰霍普金斯大学(Johns Hopkins University)捐款3.50亿美元，以促进跨学科工作和用于发放助学金。
Colleges and universities were the main beneficiaries of large donations in 2013 with 12 of the 15 leading gifts going to higher education. Charles Johnson, the financier, pledged $250m to Yale University for new buildings, while Stephen Ross, the real estate developer, pledged $200m to the University of Michigan.
学院和大学是2013年大额慈善捐款的主要受益者，在15笔金额最高的捐款中，有12笔流向高校。金融家查尔斯•约翰逊(Charles Johnson)向耶鲁大学(Yale University)捐款2.50亿美元，用于新建建筑，房地产开发商斯蒂芬•罗斯(Stephen Ross)也向密歇根大学(University of Michigan)捐款2亿美元。
Other recipients included Stanford University, Columbia Business School and Tsinghua University in Beijing.
其他接受捐款的院校包括斯坦福大学(Stanford University)、哥伦比亚大学商学院(Columbia Business School)和中国北京的清华大学(Tsinghua University)。