Parents should ban electronic media during mealtimes and after bedtime as part of a comprehensive 'family media use plan, ' according to new recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics.
美国儿科学会(American Academy of Pediatrics)提出的新建议，作为一项综合性的“家庭媒介使用计划”的一部分，家长应该禁止孩子在就餐时和就寝后使用电子媒介。
The influential new guidelines are being spurred by a growing recognition of kids' nearly round-the-clock media consumption, which includes everything from television to texting and social media.
之所以会提出这些颇具影响的新建议，是因为人们越来越认识到孩子会连轴转地使用电子媒介，包括从看电视到收发手机短信再到登陆社交媒体等各种活动。
'Excessive media use is associated with obesity, poor school performance, aggression and lack of sleep, ' said Marjorie Hogan, co-author of the new policy and a pediatrician.
上述新政策的作者之一、儿科医生霍根(Marjorie Hogan)说，过度使用电子媒介通常与肥胖、学业不佳、具有攻击性和睡眠不足有关。
Families should have a no-device rule during meals and after bedtime, the guidelines say. Parents should also set family rules covering the use of the Internet and social media and cellphones and texting, including, perhaps, which sites can be visited, who can be called and giving parental access to Facebook accounts. The policy also reiterated the AAP's existing recommendations: Kids should limit the amount of screen time for entertainment to less than two hours per day; children younger than 2 shouldn't have any TV or Internet exposure. Also, televisions and Internet-accessible devices should be kept out of kids' bedrooms.
上述建议说，家庭应该制定一个就餐时和就寝后不得使用电子媒介的规定。家长们还应该就互联网、社交媒体和手机的使用以及收发短信等事项定下家庭规定，比如包括可以访问哪些网站，可以给哪些人打电话，允许家长登陆孩子的Facebook账户。上述建议还重申了美国儿科学会现有的建议：孩子应该将使用电子设备进行娱乐的时间限制在每天两小时以内；两岁以下的儿童不应看电视或上网。此外，电视和可上网设备不应放在孩子的卧室里。
Doctors say parents need to abide by the family rules, too, to model healthy behavior. That, some say, may be the toughest part. 'If you go to any restaurant, Family 3.0 is Mom and Dad are on their devices and the kids are on theirs, ' says Donald L. Shifrin, a pediatrician in Bellevue, Wash., and an AAP spokesman. 'Who is talking to each other?'
医生们说，家长也需要遵守这些家庭规定，以便为孩子树立良好的榜样。一些人说，身教可能是最困难的部分。华盛顿贝尔维的儿科医生、美国儿科学会发言人希夫林(Donald L. Shifrin)说，如果你去任何一家餐馆，都会发现家庭3.0版是爸妈和孩子在各自使用电子设备。有谁相互聊聊天吗？
Children ages 8 to 18 spent an average of 7 hours and 38 minutes a day consuming media for fun, including TV, music, videogames and other content in 2009, according to a 2010 report from the Kaiser Family Foundation. The report was based on a survey of 2, 002 third- through 12th-graders, 702 of whom completed a seven-day media use diary. That was up about an hour and 17 minutes a day from five years earlier. About two-thirds of 8- to 18-year-olds said they had no rules on the amount of time they spent watching TV, playing videogames or using the computer, the Kaiser report found.
据凯撒家庭基金会(Kaiser Family Foundation) 2010年发布的一份报告，2009年，八至18岁的儿童每天平均花在玩电子设备上的时间是七小时38分钟，其中包括看电视、听音乐、玩电子游戏和其他内容。该报告是根据一项对2,002名三到12年级的学生所进行的调查得出的，其中有702人完成了一项为期七天的媒介使用日记。上述时长较五年前多了约一小时17分钟。凯撒家庭基金会的报告发现，八至18岁的受访者中约有三分之二的人说，他们每天看电视、玩电子游戏和使用电脑的时间没有规定。
Use of mobile devices by young kids has soared. A new report from Common Sense Media, a child-advocacy group based in San Francisco, found that 17% of children 8 and younger use mobile devices daily, up from 8% in 2011.
小孩子使用移动设备的情况激增。旧金山儿童维权组织常识媒体(Common Sense Media)的一项新出炉的报告显示，八岁及以下的儿童中有17%每天使用移动设备，高于2011年的8%。