willy-nilly .

【考法1】adv. 不论是否愿意的（地）：whether desired or not

【例】After herboss fell sick, she willy-nilly found herself directing the project. 在她老板生病后，她发现自己不论愿不愿意，都得指导这项工程。

【近】helplessly, inescapably, inevitably, perforce, unavoidably

【考法2】adj. 无秩序的，随意的：without order or plan

【例】willy-nilly taxing laws 杂乱无序的税收法

【近】aimless,arbitrary, desultory, erratic, haphazard, scattered, slapdash, stray

【反】methodical, orderly, organized, regular, systematic 有序的，有组织的

adjudicate .

【考法1】vt. 裁决，判定：to hear and settlea case, dispute or conflict

【例】When mywife and I asked the salesclerk to adjudicate our disagreement, she agreed withme that the white shoes looked better. 我和我妻子要求售货员来裁决我们之间的争论，最后她还是同意了我的观点，认为白色的鞋子看起来更漂亮。

【近】adjudge,arbitrate, decide, determine, judge, referee, settle, umpire

belligerence

【考法1】n. 好斗，好战：an aggressive or truculent attitude, atmosphere, or disposition

【例】Among theNative American tribes of the colonial period, the Iroquois were known fortheir belligerence. 在殖民时期的美洲土著部落中，易洛魁人因为他们的好战而著名。

【近】aggressiveness, assaultiveness, bellicosity, combativeness, contentiousness,disputatiousness, feistiness, militance, pugnacity, quarrelsomeness,scrappiness, truculence

【反】pacifism 爱好和平

canny

【考法1】adj. 精明的，聪明的：careful and shrewd,especially where one's own interests are concerned

【例】He is acanny card player who is good at psyching out his opponents. 他是一个善于琢磨对手心思的精明的扑克玩家。

【近】astute,clever, hardheaded, heady, knowing, savvy, sharp, shrewd, smart

【反】ignorant,unknowing 无知的；foolish,idiotic, imbecile, moronic, silly, thoughtless, witless 愚笨的

disenchant

【考法1】vt. 使清醒：to free from illusion

【例】If youthought that you could pass this course without doing any work, let me be thefirst to disenchant you. 如果你觉得你不做任何功课也能及格，那就让我做第一个让你清醒的人。

【近】disabuse,undeceive

【反】beguile,cozen, delude, dupe, fool, gull, hoax, hoodwink, misguide, misinform, mislead 诱骗

forage

【考法1】vi. 寻找：to make a search

【例】wentforaging for change for the parking meter 寻找付停车费的零钱

【近】chase,hunt, pursue, quest, rummage, search

【反】ignore,neglect 忽视，忽略；conceal,hide 隐藏

【派】forager n.为动物寻找饲料的人

illustrious

【考法1】adj. 著名的，杰出的：well known and verydistinguished

【例】the mostillustrious scientists of the century 本世纪最为杰出的科学家

【近】distinguished, luminous, noble, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent,prestigious, redoubtable, signal

【反】average,inferior, mediocre 平凡的，较差的

monarch

【考法1】n. 君主，帝王：one who rules over a people with a sole, supreme, and usuallyhereditary authority

【例】The rulingmonarch of Britain at that time was Queen Elizabeth I. 伊丽莎白一世是当时英国的君主。

【近】autocrat,lord, potentate, ruler, sovereign

【考法2】n. 巨头，大亨：a person of rank, power, or influence in a particular field

【例】thereigning monarchs of the recording industry 唱片业的巨头们

【近】baron,captain, king, lion, lord, magnate, mogul, prince, tycoon

【反】nobody,nothing, zero 不起眼的人物

【派】monarchyn. 君主体制

plebeian

【考法1】adj. 平民的，社会下层的：belonging to the class ofpeople of low social or economic rank

【例】a man whorose to greatness but never forgot his plebeian past 一个仕途通达，但从未忘却自己平民出身的人

【近】baseborn,common, humble, inferior, lowborn, lumpen, mean, prole, proletarian, unwashed,vulgar

【反】aristocratic, genteel, gentle, highborn, highbred, lofty, noble, partrician,wellborn 上流社会的

squeamish

【考法1】adj. 恶心的，晕船的：affected with nausea

【例】therolling of the ship made the young sailor squeamish 摇晃的船只让年轻的水手感到恶心

【近】ill,nauseated, qualmish, queasy, queer, queerish, sick, sickish

【反】healthy,well 状态良好的