prescription
【考法 1】 n. 规定，传统的规矩： something prescribed as a rule; especially an inherited or established way of thinking, feeling, or doing
【近】 convention, custom, decree, law, regulation, rule
【派】 prescribe v. 开药方；设立规定
preservative
【考法 1】 n. 防腐剂： an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage
【例】 containing no chemical preservative 不含化学防腐剂
【派】 preserve v. 保存
prestige
【考法 1】 n. 声望，威望： the level of respect at which one is regarded by others
【例】 The prestige of the university has been irrevocably impaired by the plagiarism scandal. 这所大学的声望已经因剽窃丑闻而受到了不可挽回的损失。
【近】 credit, fame, influence, reputation
【反】 infamy 坏名声
【派】 prestigious adj. 有名望的
presumptuous
【考法 1】 adj. 放肆的，冒昧的： overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy)
【例】 Under such a circumstance his demand for attention was utterly presumptuous. 在那种情况下他要求被关注是极其冒昧的
【近】 audacious, bold, brash, impertinent, impudent, insolent, pompous, presuming
【反】 courteous, decorous, genteel, gracious, urbane 举止得体的，有礼貌的
【考法 2】 adj. 傲慢的： having a feeling of superiority that shows itself in an overbearing attitude
【例】 The presumptuous doctor didn't even bother to explain to me the treatment that I would be receiving. 傲
慢的医生连给我说明我会接受何种治疗的耐性都没有。
【近】 assumptive, bumptious, cavalier, haughty, imperious, lofty, overweening, peremptory, supercilious
【反】 humble, modest 谦卑的
pretense
【考法 1】 n. 虚假，伪装： the act of pretending; a false appearance or action intended to deceive
【例】 There is too much pretense in his piety. 他的虔诚大多都是伪装。
【近】 affectation, camouflage, deceit, disguise, imposture, mask, masquerade
【反】 sincerity 真诚
【考法 2】 n. 自大，优越感： an exaggerated sense of one's importance that shows itself in the making of
excessive or unjustified claims
【近】 assumption, hauteur, imperiousness, loftiness, lordliness, pomposity, superciliousness, superiority
【反】 humility, modesty 谦逊
preternatural
【考法 1】 adj. 超乎寻常的： surpassing the normal or usual
【例】 They exhibited preternatural courage in face of danger. 他们在危险面前显示出了超乎寻常的勇气。
【近】 aberrant, abnormal, anomalous, extraordinary, phenomenal, magical, miraculous, unearthly
【反】 common, ordinary, prosaic 平凡的
prevail
【考法 1】 vi. 盛行，战胜： to be greater in strength or influence
【例】 a custom that still prevails 依然盛行的传统
【近】 conquer, dominate, overcome, reign, triumph
【反】 yield 屈服；lose 失败
【派】 prevailing adj. 盛行的
prevalent
【考法 1】 adj. 流行的，普遍的： widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced
【例】 The kinds of accidents are frequently seen in places where snowmobiles are prevalent. 这种类型的事故在摩托雪橇盛行的地区是很常见的。
【近】 conventional, dominant, common, popular, predominant, preponderant, prevailing, rife
【反】 absent, rare 缺少的，稀少的；unusual 与众不同的
【派】 prevalence n. 流行，遍及
prevaricate
【考法 1】 vi. 支吾其词，撒谎： to stray from or evade the truth
【例】 During the hearings the witness did his best to prevaricate. 听证会上证人在竭尽全力地支吾其词。
【近】 equivocate, fabricate, falsify, lie, palter
【派】 prevarication n. 支吾其词
primordial
【考法 1】 adj. 原始的，最初的： being or happening first in sequence of time
【例】 primordial forms of life 最原始的生命形态
【近】 ancient, early, primal, primeval, primitive
【反】 late, recent 最近的