SAT语法:态度单词例题解析(2)
日期:2013-01-22 17:50
(单词翻译:单击)
10. fastidious：它有两层意思(1)giving careful attention to detail; hard to please 因为要求高而难以取悦。A fastidious person has high standards but is more concerned with quality than speed.(2)挑食的 fastidious <> voracious (贪吃的)，greedy，gluttonous
稍微区别以下meticulous， careful， painstaking， scrupulous， fastidious， punctilious这些形容词都指对所有方面或细节表示注意或以这种注意为特征的。
(1)Meticulous ：stresses extreme, sometimes exaggerated care for small details:
Meticulous 强调极度的，有时是过分的对于小细节的关心：
“He had throughout been almost worryingly meticulous in his business formalities” “他一直对他的业务手续表现出几乎是担心一样的极度细心”
(2)Careful suggests the exercise of attention, circumspection, and solicitude:
Careful 意味着运用注意力、细心和关心：
A careful examination of the antique bronze showed it to be a forgery.
对古董铜像的仔细检查证明它是件赝品。
(3)Painstaking means extremely careful:
Painstaking 意味着极度细心：
The skillful repair of fine lace entails slow and painstaking work.
对精致花边的熟练修补需要缓慢而极度细心的工作。
(4)Scrupulous suggests care prompted by conscience:
Scrupulous 表示出于良知的细心：
“Cynthia was scrupulous in her efforts to give no trouble” (Winston Churchill).
“辛西娅非常细心地极力不带来任何麻烦” (温斯顿·丘吉尔)。
(5)Fastidious implies concern, often excessive, for the requirements of taste:
Fastidious 表示的是出于品味要求的，通常是过分的关心：
“Your true lover of literature is never fastidious” (Robert Southey).
“真正的文学爱好者从不挑剔” (罗伯特·骚塞)。
(6)Punctilious specifically applies to strict, exact attention to minute details of conduct:
Punctilious 专指对极微小行为细节的严格的、精细的注意：
“The more unpopular an opinion is, the more necessary is it that the holder should be somewhat punctilious in his observance of conventionalities generally” (Samuel Butler).
“一个观点越不受欢迎，这个观点的持有者越应谨小慎微地观察习俗惯例” (塞缪尔·巴特勒)
这些单词非常重要，我们看以下这些题目，哪些是fastidious的情景，哪些不是
(1)Though a hummingbird weighs less than one ounce, all species of hummingbirds are__ eaters, maintaining very high body temperatures and__ many times their weight in food each day.
(A) voracious, consuming
(B) fastidious, discarding
(C) hasty, locating
(D) prolific, producing
(E) delicate, storing
(2)MacDougall’s former editors remember him as a___ man whose___ and exhaustive reporting was worth the trouble.
A. domineering, wearisome
B. congenial, pretentious
C. popular, supercilious
D. fastidious, garbled
E. cantankerous, meticulous
这道题难度比较大，很多同学可能即便选了E，也不知道为什么选E，至于这道题的解题方法填空老师会讲，在这里我们看以下为什么D是不正确的，已经说了fastidious是对高品质的追求而引起的相当苛刻的，所以不是贬义。在这里fastidious的人绝对不会容忍garbled(篡改的)reporting的。
这里的trouble就是指这个人因为cantankerous(好争吵)而引起的trouble，但是这个人的仔细还有彻底完工的精神是 worth the trouble(值得这个麻烦的)
Cantankerous (cant,黑话+ank，anger生气)所以说是好争吵的
(3)The actor was noted for his___ behavior: he quickly became irritated if his every whim was not immediately satisfied.
(A) fastidious
(B) sedulous
(C) vindictive
(D) petulant
(E) mercenary
这道题的错误率也非常的高，理解好了fastidious就不会错选它的。
Petulant：unreasonably ill-tempered。看一下这道题的意境，就很容易选了。
(4)Having published more than three hundred books in less than fifty years, science fiction writer Issac Asimov may well be the most____ author of our day.
(A) fastidious
(B) insecure
(C) outmoded
(D) prolific
(E) indigenou
11. gauche：伴考单词，粗鲁的
12. haughty：having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy; 同义词：disdainful，supercilious，swaggering，conceited(自满的)
In speech and in action she was never haughty or_____; she was always willing to_____ any recommendations, even if she did not agree with them at first.
(A) persistent---deny
(B) conceited---consider
(C)ornery---oppose
(D) open-minded---embrace
(E) accommodating, ignore
13. levity：a manner lacking seriousness，轻率，来自于词根lev，轻，如elevate(提升)，alleviate(减轻)，leverage(杠杆作用)
Though the politician’s inauguration was a generally__ occasion, it was not without moments of__, including a few jokes during her acceptance speech.
(A) grim, cleverness
(B) exciting, curiosity
(C) mirthful, humor
(D) solemn, levity
(E) sober, gravity
14. malign：诽谤(伴考单词)，vilify，asperse，defame诽谤;来自于词根mal，表示坏的意思，maladroit(笨拙的)，malcontented(不满的)，malevolent(恶毒的)，malfunction(故障)，malicious(恶意的)，malinger(装病以逃避工作)，malnutrition(营养不良)，注意以上这些单词都是伴考单词，知道意思即可。
The sergeant suspected imposition that the private was____ in order to avoid going on the____ march scheduled for that morning.
(A) malingering, arduous (B) proselytizing, interminable (C)invalidating, threatened
(D) exemplary, leisurely
15. notorious臭名昭著的
Famed athlete Bobby Orr was given his first pair of skates by a__ Canadian woman who somehow “knew” he would use them to attain sporting greatness.
(A) prosperous
(B) prescient
(C) notorious
(D) skeptical
(E) fallible
这道题可以充分的证明，记忆某些重要的词根合词缀对你认识单词是相当重要的pre合pro的区别是pre
而pro是
所以时间方向概念上不一样的，pre(向前)+scien(知道)，预先知道，conscientious(有良心的)，conscious(有意识的)
16. obdurate：固执的，obstinate，recalcitrant都是固执的意思;记忆ob(强调)+dur(时间due，during)，在时间上不松口，固执的。
17. peevish易怒的 这个单词意思经常容易忘，我们合weep(哭泣)，peevish(易怒)，discreet(谨慎的)，weep(w看成扭曲的嘴，p看成耷拉的脸，ee看做是两只眼睛)，peevish(p看成耷拉的脸，v看成是张开的要骂人的嘴，这样的形态肯定是在生气)，discreet(两只眼睛连在一块，谨慎的)，如果是discrete(两只眼睛分开了，意思即分开的，不连续的)
Safire as a political commentator is patently never__; he writes__ editorials about every action the government takes.
(A) content, deferential
(B) querulous, biased
(C) amazed, bemused
(D) overawed, flattering
(E) satisfied, peevish
18. querulous：爱抱怨的
19.sarcastic, sardonic，satirical=ironic，参见第二讲ironic 的词条。
20. unctuous 油腔滑调的 He made an unctuous assurance. 他做了一个虚情假意的承诺。
21. vindictive unreasonably cruel and unfair towards someone who has harmed you 报复心理的，我们看下面这道填空题是如何考察vindictive这个解释的。
The heretofore peaceful natives, seeking____ the treachery of their supposed allies, became_____ enough according to their perspective, embittered and vindictive.
(A) acquiescence in, understandably
(B) magnanimity towards, logically
(C) evidence of, impartially
(D) retribution for, justifiably
(E) exoneration of, ironically
到现在为止一直爱好和平的国人们，寻求报复他们的假想联盟的背叛，从他们的角度出发，变得恨意丛生，和严重的报复心理。Vindictive是报复的意思，所以前面填一个和其对应的动作，只有retribution(报复)
22. wicked 邪恶的The little boy had a wicked twinkle in his eyes.
稍微区别以下meticulous， careful， painstaking， scrupulous， fastidious， punctilious这些形容词都指对所有方面或细节表示注意或以这种注意为特征的。
(1)Meticulous ：stresses extreme, sometimes exaggerated care for small details:
Meticulous 强调极度的，有时是过分的对于小细节的关心：
“He had throughout been almost worryingly meticulous in his business formalities” “他一直对他的业务手续表现出几乎是担心一样的极度细心”
(2)Careful suggests the exercise of attention, circumspection, and solicitude:
Careful 意味着运用注意力、细心和关心：
A careful examination of the antique bronze showed it to be a forgery.
对古董铜像的仔细检查证明它是件赝品。
(3)Painstaking means extremely careful:
Painstaking 意味着极度细心：
The skillful repair of fine lace entails slow and painstaking work.
对精致花边的熟练修补需要缓慢而极度细心的工作。
(4)Scrupulous suggests care prompted by conscience:
Scrupulous 表示出于良知的细心：
“Cynthia was scrupulous in her efforts to give no trouble” (Winston Churchill).
“辛西娅非常细心地极力不带来任何麻烦” (温斯顿·丘吉尔)。
(5)Fastidious implies concern, often excessive, for the requirements of taste:
Fastidious 表示的是出于品味要求的，通常是过分的关心：
“Your true lover of literature is never fastidious” (Robert Southey).
“真正的文学爱好者从不挑剔” (罗伯特·骚塞)。
(6)Punctilious specifically applies to strict, exact attention to minute details of conduct:
Punctilious 专指对极微小行为细节的严格的、精细的注意：
“The more unpopular an opinion is, the more necessary is it that the holder should be somewhat punctilious in his observance of conventionalities generally” (Samuel Butler).
“一个观点越不受欢迎，这个观点的持有者越应谨小慎微地观察习俗惯例” (塞缪尔·巴特勒)
这些单词非常重要，我们看以下这些题目，哪些是fastidious的情景，哪些不是
(1)Though a hummingbird weighs less than one ounce, all species of hummingbirds are__ eaters, maintaining very high body temperatures and__ many times their weight in food each day.
(A) voracious, consuming
(B) fastidious, discarding
(C) hasty, locating
(D) prolific, producing
(E) delicate, storing
(2)MacDougall’s former editors remember him as a___ man whose___ and exhaustive reporting was worth the trouble.
A. domineering, wearisome
B. congenial, pretentious
C. popular, supercilious
D. fastidious, garbled
E. cantankerous, meticulous
这道题难度比较大，很多同学可能即便选了E，也不知道为什么选E，至于这道题的解题方法填空老师会讲，在这里我们看以下为什么D是不正确的，已经说了fastidious是对高品质的追求而引起的相当苛刻的，所以不是贬义。在这里fastidious的人绝对不会容忍garbled(篡改的)reporting的。
这里的trouble就是指这个人因为cantankerous(好争吵)而引起的trouble，但是这个人的仔细还有彻底完工的精神是 worth the trouble(值得这个麻烦的)
Cantankerous (cant,黑话+ank，anger生气)所以说是好争吵的
(3)The actor was noted for his___ behavior: he quickly became irritated if his every whim was not immediately satisfied.
(A) fastidious
(B) sedulous
(C) vindictive
(D) petulant
(E) mercenary
这道题的错误率也非常的高，理解好了fastidious就不会错选它的。
Petulant：unreasonably ill-tempered。看一下这道题的意境，就很容易选了。
(4)Having published more than three hundred books in less than fifty years, science fiction writer Issac Asimov may well be the most____ author of our day.
(A) fastidious
(B) insecure
(C) outmoded
(D) prolific
(E) indigenou
11. gauche：伴考单词，粗鲁的
12. haughty：having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy; 同义词：disdainful，supercilious，swaggering，conceited(自满的)
In speech and in action she was never haughty or_____; she was always willing to_____ any recommendations, even if she did not agree with them at first.
(A) persistent---deny
(B) conceited---consider
(C)ornery---oppose
(D) open-minded---embrace
(E) accommodating, ignore
13. levity：a manner lacking seriousness，轻率，来自于词根lev，轻，如elevate(提升)，alleviate(减轻)，leverage(杠杆作用)
Though the politician’s inauguration was a generally__ occasion, it was not without moments of__, including a few jokes during her acceptance speech.
(A) grim, cleverness
(B) exciting, curiosity
(C) mirthful, humor
(D) solemn, levity
(E) sober, gravity
14. malign：诽谤(伴考单词)，vilify，asperse，defame诽谤;来自于词根mal，表示坏的意思，maladroit(笨拙的)，malcontented(不满的)，malevolent(恶毒的)，malfunction(故障)，malicious(恶意的)，malinger(装病以逃避工作)，malnutrition(营养不良)，注意以上这些单词都是伴考单词，知道意思即可。
The sergeant suspected imposition that the private was____ in order to avoid going on the____ march scheduled for that morning.
(A) malingering, arduous (B) proselytizing, interminable (C)invalidating, threatened
(D) exemplary, leisurely
15. notorious臭名昭著的
Famed athlete Bobby Orr was given his first pair of skates by a__ Canadian woman who somehow “knew” he would use them to attain sporting greatness.
(A) prosperous
(B) prescient
(C) notorious
(D) skeptical
(E) fallible
这道题可以充分的证明，记忆某些重要的词根合词缀对你认识单词是相当重要的pre合pro的区别是pre
而pro是
所以时间方向概念上不一样的，pre(向前)+scien(知道)，预先知道，conscientious(有良心的)，conscious(有意识的)
16. obdurate：固执的，obstinate，recalcitrant都是固执的意思;记忆ob(强调)+dur(时间due，during)，在时间上不松口，固执的。
17. peevish易怒的 这个单词意思经常容易忘，我们合weep(哭泣)，peevish(易怒)，discreet(谨慎的)，weep(w看成扭曲的嘴，p看成耷拉的脸，ee看做是两只眼睛)，peevish(p看成耷拉的脸，v看成是张开的要骂人的嘴，这样的形态肯定是在生气)，discreet(两只眼睛连在一块，谨慎的)，如果是discrete(两只眼睛分开了，意思即分开的，不连续的)
Safire as a political commentator is patently never__; he writes__ editorials about every action the government takes.
(A) content, deferential
(B) querulous, biased
(C) amazed, bemused
(D) overawed, flattering
(E) satisfied, peevish
18. querulous：爱抱怨的
19.sarcastic, sardonic，satirical=ironic，参见第二讲ironic 的词条。
20. unctuous 油腔滑调的 He made an unctuous assurance. 他做了一个虚情假意的承诺。
21. vindictive unreasonably cruel and unfair towards someone who has harmed you 报复心理的，我们看下面这道填空题是如何考察vindictive这个解释的。
The heretofore peaceful natives, seeking____ the treachery of their supposed allies, became_____ enough according to their perspective, embittered and vindictive.
(A) acquiescence in, understandably
(B) magnanimity towards, logically
(C) evidence of, impartially
(D) retribution for, justifiably
(E) exoneration of, ironically
到现在为止一直爱好和平的国人们，寻求报复他们的假想联盟的背叛，从他们的角度出发，变得恨意丛生，和严重的报复心理。Vindictive是报复的意思，所以前面填一个和其对应的动作，只有retribution(报复)
22. wicked 邪恶的The little boy had a wicked twinkle in his eyes.
重点单词
