For all the talk about how college is essential to landing a good job after graduation, higher education often fails to prepare students for the workforce in several key ways. Even with a degree from a competitive school and a high GPA, many students graduate without ever having been taught these 10 essentials for the workplace:

人们总是喜欢说上大学对于找到好工作有多么重要，但是大学里往往不教你那些职场中需要知道的事。即使你出自名牌大学，成绩优异，很多毕业生都不会知道下面这10条职场的生存法则：

1. Effort doesn't matter; results do.

　　过程不重要，结果决定一切。

　　It's great to try hard, but if you're not getting the job done well, it ultimately won't matter. In the workplace, you're judged by the quality of what you produce, not by how hard you worked to produce it.

　　努力工作是很好，但是如果你没把工作做好了，再努力也白搭。在职场上，只有你的工作成果才能证明你的能力，而不是你工作得有多努力。

　　2. Procrastinating is a really bad idea.

　　拖延要不得。

　　In school, if you waited until the last minute to do a project in college, you were the only one who suffered. At work, if you put off a project until the last minute, you risk your professional reputation—and you could even get fired.

　　在学校里，你临时抱佛脚，最后一分钟才完成功课，受影响的只有你自己而已。但是在职场上，如果你把工作拖到最后一刻，那你就是在拿自己的职业声誉冒险，甚至你会因此而被炒鱿鱼。

　　3. You need to be concise when writing in the workplace.

　　职场写作请言简意赅。

　　Colleges tend to teach students to write long—assigning page count minimums, and encouraging long explorations of a single topic. While this has its own value, it's exactly the wrong approach for the workforce. When writing for work, shorter is nearly always better. Most bosses don't want to read long memos—they want the key highlights, ideally in bullet points.

　　在学校里，老师要求学生长篇大论，规定最少字数，鼓励学生用大篇幅来解释一个简单的话题。这么做有它的好处，但在职场上，这绝对行不通。职场写作，越短越好。大多数老板都不想看到长篇累述的便笺，他们只想知道重点，最好几个字就能说清楚。

　　4. Good writing isn't stiff and formal.

　　僵硬正式的不是好报告。

　　Many students come out of school believing that good writing is formal. But to the contrary, the ability to write conversationally is a highly valued. Whether it's a cover letter or a business memo, the best writers don't sound stiff.

　　很多刚出校门的学生觉得，好的报告就是要写得正式。事实恰恰相反，能用谈话式的随意方式写报告是一种很重要的能力。无论是附信还是商务便函，写得好的人往往都不拘泥形式，刻板僵硬。

　　5. You need to address both sides of an issue.

　　利弊都要考虑到。

　　In college, you could (and were often expected to) argue one point of view. At work, you're expected to consider all options thoroughly and make a recommendation that includes pros and cons. And you should even poke holes in your own recommendation before you take it to your boss, so that he or she doesn't have to.

　　在学校里，你总是只考虑事物的一方面(学校也希望学生这么去做)。但在工作中，你却要全面地考虑事物的方方面面，再给出自己的建议，建议也要包括正反两方面。在把报告交给老板前，你还要学会自己在报告中找漏洞，这样，你的老板就不必费时去找了。

　　6. Conforming to business culture matters.

　　遵守企业文化很重要。

　　In college, individuality is often rewarded. In the workplace, employers are looking for employees who fit in with the culture. That means conforming to office norms about dress and conduct and even small things like how phones are answered or how meetings are run.

　　学校里强调个性。但在职场上，老板希望雇员能遵守公司的文化。也就是说，遵守公司的制度，比如怎么穿戴，怎么接电话，怎么开会，这些事情都是很重要的。

　　7. Employers are looking for experience, not just knowledge.

　　雇主要得是经验，而不只是知识。

　　Don't spend all your time taking classes. Get out there and get some experience doing actual work.

　　不要把时间全花在上课上面，出去找点实际的工作干干，这样才能积累经验。

　　8. Appearance counts.

　　形象要注意。

　　In most industries, if you dress overly casually or too young, you won't be taken seriously. Flip-flops, nose rings, ultralow jeans, or revealing necklines all say that you're still dressing for class, not a job.

　　在很多行业，如果你穿得太随意或者穿得太年轻，你都不会受到重视。人字拖、鼻环、低腰牛仔裤、低领，这些穿着都只能说明你是去学校，而不是去上班。

　　9. You have to keep learning.

　　不断学习，不断充电

　　Too many students come out of college not even knowing what the authoritative publications are in their field, let alone keeping up with them. You're expected to keep your skills and knowledge up-to-date and continue learning throughout your whole career. College is just the beginning!

　　很多学生出了学校进入职场后，甚至都不知道自己所在领域的权威刊物是什么，更不用说让他们不断充电了。在职场上，你需要不断地学习知识，更新技能。大学仅仅是学习的一个开始！

　　10. No one will care about your career like you do.

　　没有人会像你那样在乎你的职业生涯。

　　If your boss promises you a promotion or raise and then never brings it up again, don't sit around waiting for her to broach the topic again. You're in charge of your own career now; there's no caring faculty watching over you!

　　如果你的老板承诺要给你升职，但却没有兑现承诺，不要干坐在那里等着老板再次谈起这个话题。你才是要对自己的职业生涯负责的那个人，再也不会有人跟在你后头看着你。